智慧地铁需求分析及功能规划研究

智慧地铁是新理念和技术在地铁中的综合应用,是地铁发展的新趋势。目前业界对智慧地铁的基本认识尚未统一,更缺乏对发展需求和建设功能规划的深入研究。针对智慧地铁概念、内涵等基本理论问题,构建智慧地铁SCF概念模型,揭示智慧地铁的本质内涵和典型特征,并根据地铁功能主体和协同方式的演化规律,划分智慧地铁的5个发展阶段。在此基础上,面向乘客出行、运营管理、设备运维三个界面,分析智慧地铁的应用场景,并从场景中分析智慧化的功能需求,从而提出以智能服务、智能运行、智能运维和智能管理为核心业务的功能规划,以期为推进我国智慧地铁建设发展提供理论支撑。     

影响城轨网络客流效果的关键问题探讨

城市轨道交通只有具备一定客流效果才能形成良性发展,针对国内部分城市轨道交通运营网络客流效果不佳的现实问题,基于轨道交通规划设计体系的梳理,指出影响客流效果的主要因素包括城市发展与轨道交通规划预期的一致性、相关规划体系的协调性、轨道交通自身服务水平及交通衔接的配合性,并基于此,从加强轨道交通规划建设与城市发展及交通需求适配性、沿线用地开发同步性、轨道交通设计及实施的人性化、交通衔接一体化以及完善机制等方面提出工作改进建议。     

城市轨道交通的旅行速度与列车拥挤度

从满足乘客出行需求的角度阐述城市轨道交通列车旅行速度、拥挤度两项指标的重要意义,并以当前我国典型的一线、二线城市轨道交通旅行速度、拥挤度的指标水平和提升过程为实例,分析这两项指标的计算方法、核心要素以及相互关系,从而提出新线开通运营前合理确定和开通运营后不断提升这两项核心指标的具体方法和措施:从优化司机站务人员站台作业标准流程、减少车辆开关门时间和同步延时时间、缩小列车区间运行时间余量等方面提高旅行速度;在开通初期可以通过增加上线列车数、中期可以通过提高旅行速度和折返效率的方法来降低列车拥挤度,而后期则需要研究采用大小交路套跑、上下行不对称运输、平行线路建设、新车增购等方式来从根本上降低列车拥挤度,不断提高乘客服务水平。     

基于综合运输网络的客流分配优化模型与算法

以综合运输网络条件下的客流分配为研究对象,提出更适合表现旅客出行需求和各种运输方式相互竞争关系的运输细分方式,采用可量化表征综合运输网络当前客流状态的区间饱和度和径路饱和熵,并结合旅客出行广义费用函数,构造旅客出行阻抗函数,给出以综合运输网络中旅客出行总阻抗最小为目标的客流分配优化模型.基于k条最短路算法和混沌优化算法,在径路选择时考虑当前综合运输网络的旅客出行阻抗因素,设计客流分配迭代优化的动态求解算法.算例表明,利用给出的模型和算法能够得到可行和更为细分的综合运输网络客流分配方案.     

天津站综合交通枢纽功能需求研究

天津站综合交通枢纽功能的定位和实现是建立在项目各方的利益需求以及需求满足基础上,因此全面识别与此项目紧密相关的单位或群体并分析他们的各自利益需求,对枢纽功能的定位以及实现至关重要.基于利益相关者理论,通过对天津站综合交通枢纽项目利益相关者的识别、核心利益相关者的确定及其利益需求分析,确定项目的整体功能建设需求,为项目规...     

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在借鉴国外铁路旅客服务信息系统发展水平的基础上，结合我国实际，详细分析了铁路旅客旅行消费需求及铁路客运生产管理部门的业务需求;据此提出铁路旅客综合服务信息系统功能结构的初步设想;最后给出系统的网络结构.     

基于S7-200 PLC和TP170A的船舶中央空调综合控制系统的实现

本文利用S7-200PLC实现船舶中央空调的综合控制和管理，对制冷压缩机进行有级能量调节，温度和湿度实现PID和PWM控制，达到了节能和操作方便的效果。     

A methodology for identifying similar days in air traffic flow management initiative planning

This article describes a methodology for selecting days that are comparable in terms of the conditions faced during air traffic flow management initiative planning. This methodology includes the use of specific data sources, specific features of calendar days defined using these data sources, and the application of a specific form of classification and then cluster analysis. The application of this methodology will produce results that enable historical analysis of the use of initiatives and evaluation of the relative success of different courses of action. Several challenges are overcome here including the need to identify the appropriate machine learning algorithms to apply, to quantify the differences between calendar days, to select features describing days, to obtain appropriate raw data, and to evaluate results in a meaningful way. These challenges are overcome via a review of relevant literature, the identification and trial of several useful models and data sets, and careful application of methods. For example, the cluster analysis that ultimately selects sets of similar days uses a distance metric based on variable importance measures from a separate classification model of observed initiatives. The methodology defined here is applied to the New York area, although it could be applied by other researchers to other areas.     

A GIS‐based method to identify cost‐effective routes for rural deviated fixed route transit

Deviated fixed route transit (DFRT) service connecting rural and urban areas is a growing transportation mode in the USA. Little research has been done to develop frameworks for route design. A methodology to explore the most cost‐effective DFRT route is presented in this paper. The inputs include potential DFRT demand distribution and a road network. A heuristic is used to build possible routes by starting at urban cores and extending in all network directions in certain length increments. All the DFRT routes falling in the length range desired by the users are selected. The cost effectiveness of those routes, defined by operating cost per passenger trip, is compared. The most cost‐effective route is selected and presented in a GIS map. A case study illustrates the methodology in several Tennessee metropolitan regions. The most cost‐effective route length is case specific; some routes (e.g. those out of our Nashville case) are most cost effective when short, while others (e.g. those out of Memphis) are most cost effective when long. Government agencies could use the method to identify routes with the lowest operating cost per passenger given a route length or an operating cost budget. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The association between transit access and auto ownership: evidence from Guangzhou,China

In many developing countries, massive investment in transit infrastructure is concurrent with the proliferation of automobiles. Planners expect that investment can slow the growth of auto ownership. However, few studies have examined the relationships between transit access and auto ownership in developing countries, whereas research in developed countries offers mixed findings and the outcomes may not be applicable to developing countries. This study employs a random effect ordered probit model on data collected from Guangzhou residents in 2011–2012. We find that transit access is negatively associated with auto ownership, after controlling for demographics and other built environment variables. This result suggests that, although income is the dominant driver for auto ownership in growing developing countries, transit investment is a promising strategy to slow the growth of auto ownership. This study also highlights the importance of addressing spatial dependency in clustered data.