A bayesian dynamic linear model approach for real-time short-term freeway travel time prediction

This paper presents a Bayesian inference-based dynamic linear model (DLM) to predict online short-term travel time on a freeway stretch. The proposed method considers the predicted freeway travel time as the sum of the median of historical travel times, time-varying random variations in travel time, and a model evolution error, where the median is employed to recognize the primary travel time pattern while the variation captures unexpected supply (i.e. capacity) reduction and demand fluctuations. Bayesian forecasting is a learning process that revises sequentially the state of a priori knowledge of travel time based on newly available information. The prediction result is a posterior travel time distribution that can be employed to generate a single-value (typically but not necessarily the mean) travel time as well as a confidence interval representing the uncertainty of travel time prediction. To better track travel time fluctuations during non-recurrent congestion due to unforeseen events (e.g., incidents, accidents, or bad weather), the DLM is integrated into an adaptive control framework that can automatically learn and adjust the system evolution noise level. The experiment results based on the real loop detector data of an I-66 segment in Northern Virginia suggest that the proposed method is able to provide accurate and reliable travel time prediction under both recurrent and non-recurrent traffic conditions.     

空气交换方法在公路隧道纵向通风中的应用研究

为了最大程度地发挥射流风机在双洞单向公路隧道纵向通风中的潜力,针对相邻两条上、下行隧道内通风负荷相差较大的特点,根据隧道通风基本理论,对一种新型的隧道通风换气方法——空气交换进行了较详细的研究,给出了该方法在公路隧道纵向通风中的应用范围和具体的设计算法,并利用其对某隧道进行了简要的通风设计计算。结果表明,该隧道采用空气交换方法构建的通风换气系统后,节约了隧道通风系统的初投资和运营费用。     

The implications of the re-establishment of direct links across the Taiwan Strait on the aviation industries in Greater China

This paper investigates the economic implications of the liberalization of air transportation across the Taiwan Strait to the region's aviation industries. Our analysis suggests that (1) liberalization has brought substantial benefits to airports and airlines in Mainland China and Taiwan. Negative impacts to Hong Kong are largely compensated by traffic increase in routes linking Mainland China. (2) In general, Taiwanese airports and airlines have benefited more from liberalization compared to airports and airlines on the mainland and Hong Kong. Such asymmetric effect is due to the larger size of the Mainland Chinese aviation market, which allows Taiwanese airlines to exploit network-related benefits. (3) Our investigation suggests that foreign hub carriers and medium sized Chinese airports will benefit most from China's future liberalizations.     

Rural transport – Valuing the mobility of older people

This paper describes a series of focus groups that were undertaken in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland to examine the challenges faced by older people in rural Ireland when trying to make trips. The paper outlines transport policy in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and describes the activity patterns of older trip makers and the modes they use. It also discusses some of the contrasts between challenges faced by older men and older women. Both older men and older women experience a shrinking in activity spaces and activity participation when older. Older women are less likely to drive and to own a car and so are seriously impacted by loss of a spouse in terms of their unmet travel needs. However, older men also experience difficulties: the alternatives that are available (such as community transport schemes) provide trips and services that are more attractive to women. In addition, the car dependent lifestyles of men throughout their adult lives seems to make them less prepared for life without a car than older women.     

山地城市居民出行特征分析

在归纳山地城市形态和道路网结构特征的基础上,根据2010年攀枝花市居民出行调查数据,对攀枝花市居民出行方式、出行时耗、出行时空分布等特征进行了分析,发现城市形态与路网结构对于居民出行特征有着重要影响.     

基于Logit模型的大连市居民通勤出行行为研究

针对大连市主城区进行通勤出行方式的意向偏好调查.选取7家企事业单位的200名驾车通勤者作为研究对象,建立以私家车、公共汽车为选择对象的二元Logit模型,研究停车收费及公交服务水平的变化对不同特性停车者的出行选择方式影响.结果表明:停车收费费率及公交服务水平对城市居民的通勤出行方式选择有显著影响.将合理的停车收费体系与提高公共交通服务水平相结合,是一种优秀的交通需求管理手段.     

基于出行目的停车行为差异性分析

根据驾车者出行目的的不同,将其停车行为划分为通勤出行停车、非通勤出行停车和居民区停车。在对大连市中心城区的大型企事业单位、商业中心以及居住区进行停车行为调研的基础上,总结出各种停车行为的停车需求特点及相互之间的差异,并据此提出了3种出行目的的停车行为的需求管理措施。     

基于交通流理论的公交站点间行程时间预测

分析了公交站点间车辆运行过程,将行程预测时间划分为交叉口排队等待时间、路段行驶时间和停站时间3个部分,利用交通波理论和延误三角形,分别建立了无公交专用车道和有公交专用车道2种情况下排队等待时间的动态预测模型;根据乘客到站规律和上下车规律,提出了公交车进站停靠时间模型;针对无公交专用车道条件下的时间预测方法进行了实例演算.实验数据表明,基于交通波行程时间预测方法具有较高的精度,可以满足站点间行程时间预报要求.     

电动汽车空调制冷系统的理论研究

介绍电动汽车空调制冷系统的组成及控制原理,对电动压缩机在电动汽车上的合理选择做出了详细分析。通过电动汽车空调制冷系统选择核心零部件的探究,为电动汽车车内环境控制提供技术支持。     

丰田卡罗拉自动空调结构原理及检修

以一辆2009款丰田卡罗拉自动空调前出风口无风的故障为例,介绍其自动空调系统的基本组成、工作原理、各主要部件的功用以及故障检修方法。