道路拥挤定价下的公交收费模型研究

为了在执行道路拥挤定价政策的前提下制定公共交通的收费标准，提出可行的定价模型，根据交通行为科学的有关理论和方法，采用了两层规划技术建立了道路拥挤定价下的公交收费模型，上层规划为交通系统优化，下层规划为拥挤定价下的路网随机平衡问题。以广州市为研究对象，计算了拥挤定价下广州市公交线网的最优价格体系。研究结果表明：所提出的模型能够描述出行者和交通管理部门分别在出行和交通管理中的决策行为，较好地解释了用户平衡、路段路径流量和阻抗、交通需求、拥挤费、公交票价、出行成本等相互之间的逻辑关系。     

风冷柴油发动机烧瓦抱轴故障原因分析

烧瓦抱轴是风冷柴油机的常见故障，经分析认为主要是由高温，润滑油劣化和修理不当造成的，在使用过程中应注意保持风冷柴油机各散热片通道畅通和一定的风室压力，使用生产厂家指定的润滑油和采用合理的轴承修理装配工艺。     

Travel to work and household responsibility: new evidence

A persistent empirical finding in the research on travel patterns is that women tend to engage in shorter work commutes than men. Research evaluating the degree to which this gender differential in commuting may be explained by the division of labor in the household has produced decidedly mixed findings. This paper presents a critical review of the methods and results of recent research on the gender differential in commuting along with the associated implications for the household responsibility hypothesis (HRH). While all of the articles reviewed are informative and unique, not all conclusions are well supported. The paper then tests the HRH using the 1990 NPTS travel data. The new evidence confirms that women continue to exhibit shorter commute times and distances than men and provides support for the HRH. The paper concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations for further research.     

Temporal disaggregation of travel demand for high resolution emissions inventories

The commonly used photochemical air quality model, the Urban Airshed Model (UAM), requires emission estimates with grid-based, hourly resolution. In contrast, travel demand models, used to simulate the travel activity model inputs for the transportation-related emissions estimation, typically only provide traffic volumes for a specific travel period (e.g. the a.m. and p.m. peak periods). A few transportation agencies have developed procedures to allocate period-based travel demand data into hourly emission inventories for regional grid cells. Because there was no theoretical framework for disaggregating period-based volumes to hourly volumes, application of these procedures frequently relied upon a single hypothetical hourly distribution of travel volumes. This study presents a new theoretical modeling framework that integrates traffic count data and travel demand model link volume estimates to derive intra-period hourly volume estimates by trip purpose. We propose a new interpretation of the model coefficients and define hourly allocation factors by trip purpose. These allocation factors can be used to disaggregate the travel demand model ‘period-based’ simulation volumes into hourly resolution, thereby improving grid-based, hourly emission estimates in the UAM.     

用LDA研究柴油机涡流室内空气运动

本文介绍了采用二维氩离子ＬＤＡ（激光多普勒测速仪）对柴油机涡流室内空气运动特性的最新测试结果。测量结果表明：涡流室内气体平均速度及紊流强度仅为发动机曲轴转角的函数，在上止点附近随发动机转速升高，最大值出现时刻相对曲轴转角位置基本保持不变。这一点区别于使用ＨＷＡ（热线风速仪）对涡流室的测量。吊钟型涡流室内的空气涡流以刚体涡流为主。本文描述了吊钟型涡流运动中涡核的运动轨迹，提出了进一步改进涡流燃烧系统     

行驶中空调客车隔热厢体结构传热问题三维数值研究

本文以太阳辐射和强迫对流为外边界条件，数值分析了非稳态情况下空调客车以４０ｋｍ／ｈ速度行驶时隔热厢体结构三维温度场及热流分布，与实验结果较好的符合，为了空车室内空气流场温度场及空调负荷的准确计算提供依据，也为空车室内舒适环境的研究奠定基础。     

两次动作的双安全气囊系统

提出一种两次动作的新型双安全气囊系统，并介绍了该系统的工作原理，结构和设计要点。在低速（小于３０ｋｍ／ｈ）冲撞时，该系统只起动安全带预紧器，在高速冲撞时，安全带预紧器和双安全气囊同时起动，从而保护驾乘人员的安全     

CA1046L轻型客货车冷气系统的试验研究

以配装冷气系统的CA1046L轻型客货车为例，通过对该车冷气系统试验，探讨了测点的选择、太阳辐射和路面覆盖层对汽车热负荷的影响。冷气系统性能试验可在室内进行整车台架试验，以避免其它因素影响；对于使用试验和可靠性运行试验，可在道路上进行。     

Stated adaptation surveys and choice process: Some methodological issues

The "Stated Adaptation" survey is an interactive technique which allows us to obtain a clearer picture of the attitudes and behaviours of individuals when confronted with hypothetical situations, in particular inexperienced travel conditions. This method makes use of a simulation game whose purpose is to explore on small samples individuals' choice processes when selecting between the different transport alternatives which are available to them. This paper describes how gaming-simulation is designed, with reference to the issues tackled by two surveys which have recently been carried out in France (reactions to urban road pricing and perception of electric vehicles). It describes the benefits of this experimental approach which allows stated behaviours to be checked to a considerable degree. The limits and potential developments of this survey technique are also discussed.     

虚拟样机技术在空气悬架系统设计中的应用

应用MSC.ADAMS及ANSYS软件,在ADAMS/Car[1]中建立了中型客车前空气悬架系统刚柔体耦合的动力学模型。模型的各类参数主要通过试验和Solidworks软件获得。在ADAMS/Car中,利用虚拟仿真试验对单纵臂式非独立悬架进行了多种性能分析,并结合空气悬架在设计及使用过程中出现的主要问题进行了探讨,提出了相应的解决办法。通过模型参数化分析及不同方案的仿真试验对比表明,利用基于ADAMS/Car软件建立的空气悬架系统模型可对悬架性能做出正确预测,对空气悬架系统的设计具有工程指导意义。