多轴混合动力特种车辆空气动力学特性分析与改进设计

建立某多轴混合动力特种车辆整车外流场仿真模型,采用计算流体力学方法分析整车外流场特性.根据分析结果对驾驶室进气格栅、驾驶室与货箱之间的上部连接、驾驶室下部进风口三个部位进行优化设计.在优化设计过程中,特别关注提升各车桥分布式驱动电机的散热效果,并根据局部外流场特性确定车桥处的电机风扇朝向布置.结果表明,优化后的整车风阻...     

汽车动力传动系统参数优化设计和匹配研究

为降低某微型客车的油耗,对其动力传动系统参数的优化设计和匹配问题进行了分析。利用仿真软件AVL-Cruise建立了整车性能仿真模型,并集成到优化平台iSIGHT软件中,对计算模型进行标定。通过两个软件的集成,对汽车动力传动系统的速比参数进行了优化设计和匹配。结果表明,在满足汽车动力性设计指标的前提下,优化后车辆NEDC工况的油耗降低了0.53L/100km,满足了预期设计要求。     

交通运输发展水平评价指标体系构建及优化研究

交通运输业是经济社会实现快速发展的重要保障,是实现国家和区域可持续发展的必要基础,承担着推动经济社会实现高质量发展的历史使命。本文介绍了交通运输发展的内涵,结合建成小康社会、生态文明建设、交通强国建设等战略目标对交通运输发展总体要求,对评价指标体系进行了初步构建。在此基础上对初选评价指标体系进行了"四个检验",同时运用变异系数、相关系数等方法进行了评价指标体系的优化调整。本文所研究构建的评价指标体系及优化调整方法可为行业管理部门开展相关工作、制定相关政策提供参考。     

A robust,tactic-based,real-time framework for public-transport transfer synchronization

Missed transfers affect public transport (PT) operations by increasing passenger’s waiting and travel times and frustration. Because of the stochastic and uncertain nature of PT systems, synchronized transfers do not always materialize. This work proposes a new mathematical programming model to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct (without waiting) transfers. The model consists of four policies built on a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and short-turn, the last applied, for the first time, as a real-time control action. The concept is implemented in two steps: optimization and simulation. An agent-based simulation framework is used to represent real-life scenarios, generate random input data, and validate the optimization results. In order to assess the robustness of this framework, a wide range of schedule-deviation scenarios are defined using efficient algorithms for solving the control models within a rolling horizon structure. A case study of the Auckland, New Zealand, PT system is described for assessing the methodology developed. The results show a 4.7% reduction in total passenger travel time and a more than 150% increase in direct transfers. The best impressive results are attained under short headway operations.     

基于Plant Simulation的船厂平直车间作业仿真与优化

船体分段的制造在整个船舶生产过程中占据了大量时间,因此,缩短分段制造时间是缩短船舶建造周期、降低建造成本、提高船厂生产效率的关键所在。以船厂平直车间为研究对象、以缩短车间生产平面分段的最大流程时间为目标,使用Plant Simulation对平面分段的生产制造流程进行模拟仿真,并基于仿真结果使用内置遗传算法功能模块对分段生产顺序进行优化处理,以达到缩短最大流程时间的目的,对分段车间的生产排程具有实际意义。     

Modal split in offshore supply network under the objective of emissions minimization

We study modal split under the objective of emissions minimization in the transportation of cargo from centralized vendors in the oil and gas industry to decentralized supply bases on the Norwegian coast. The supply network includes direct road transport and a sea route along the coast. To gain insight into modal split decisions between road and sea transport from the shipper’s perspective multi-period mixed integer optimization models are formulated. Particularly the models give possibilities to examine how weekly demand patterns at supply bases, cargo commitments to sea transport, storage possibilities at supply bases, and shipper’s responsibility for a certain share of vessel capacity may effect the emissions and the modal split. Experiments on real data from an oil and gas company operating offshore show that the size of the share of vessel capacity and the possibility for storage at supply bases are the major determinants for a larger shift to environmentally friendly sea transport. The models can be used as means for making decisions regarding how a shipper can commit to sea transport to achieve less emissions.     

Transit stop inspection and maintenance scheduling: A GPU accelerated metaheuristics approach

Bus stops are integral elements of a transit system and as such, their efficient inspection and maintenance is required, for proper and attractive transit operations. Nevertheless, spatial dispersion and the extensive number of bus stops, even for mid-size transit systems, complicates scheduling of inspection and maintenance tasks. In this context, the problem of scheduling transit stop inspection and maintenance activities (TSIMP) by a two-stage optimization approach, is formulated and discussed. In particular, the first stage involves districting of the bus stop locations into areas of responsibility for different inspection and maintenance crews (IMCs), while in the second stage, determination of the sequence of bus stops to be visited by an IMC is modelled as a vehicle routing problem. Given the complexity of proposed optimization models, advanced versions of different metaheuristic algorithms (Harmony Search and Ant Colony Optimization) are exploited and assessed as possible options for solving these models. Furthermore, two variants of ACO are implemented herein; one implemented into a CPU parallel computing environment along with an accelerated one by means of general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) computing. The model and algorithms are applied to the Athens (Greece) bus system, whose extensive number of transit stops (over 7500) offers a real-world test bed for assessing the potential of the proposed modelling approach and solution algorithms. As it was shown for the test example examined, both algorithms managed to achieve optimized solutions for the problem at hand while there were fund robust with respect to their algorithmic parameters. Furthermore, the use of graphics processing units (GPU) managed to reduce of computational time required.     

隧道机械化施工及优化

隧道施工是公路和铁路施工单位必须面临和承担的主要施工对象和任务之一,本文介绍了隧道机械化施工的情况,探讨了施工机械设备配置的原则和方案,分析了隧道开挖施工以及管理措施。结合当今隧道机械化施工开挖现状和施工人员的精神理念,得出了相应的优化施工建议,以及如何让机械化施工做到可控的一些见解。肯定了机械设备与配套技术的关系是隧道机械化施工的效率和效益的关键因素。本文对今后隧道机械化施工的发展提升具有一定的借鉴意义。     

离合器液压操纵机构运动校核与优化设计

利用CATIA软件的DMU Kinematic模块建立离合器液压操纵机构的机械运动约束,模拟从离合器踏板至分离轴承的机械运动,对离合器踏板、离合器主从动缸、分离轴承等零件进行运动校核,检查系统动态干涉、验证各项系统性能参数,并针对发现的问题对分离摇臂涡槽角度、离合器从动缸推杆与分离拨叉的初始安装角度、推杆长度及对应摆角等关键设计参数进行优化.优化后的系统可靠性提高,表明提出的运动模拟方法有效.