A new offline optimization approach for designing a fuel cell hybrid bus

In this study a hydrogen powered fuel cell hybrid bus is optimized in terms of the powertrain components and in terms of the energy management strategy. Firstly the vehicle is optimized aiming to minimize the cost of its powertrain components, in an official driving cycle. The optimization variables in powertrain component design are different models and sizes of fuel cells, of electric motors and controllers, and batteries. After the component design, an energy management strategy (EMS) optimization is performed in the official driving cycle and in two real measured driving cycles, aiming to minimize the fuel consumption. The EMS optimization is based on the control of the battery’s state-of-charge. The real driving cycles are representative of bus driving in urban routes within Lisbon and Oporto Portuguese cities. A real-coded genetic algorithm is developed to perform the optimization, and linked with the vehicle simulation software ADVISOR. The trade-off between cost increase and fuel consumption reduction is discussed in the lifetime of the designed bus and compared to a conventional diesel bus. Although the cost of the optimized hybrid powertrain (62,230 €) achieves 9 times the cost of a conventional diesel bus, the improved efficiency of such powertrain achieved 36% and 34% of lower energy consumption for the real driving cycles, OportoDC and LisbonDC, which can originate savings of around 0.43 €/km and 0.37 €/km respectively. The optimization methodology presented in this work, aside being an offline method, demonstrated great improvements in performance and energy consumption in real driving cycles, and can be a great advantage in the design of a hybrid vehicle.     

Scheduling freight trains traveling on complex networks

In the US, freight railways are one of the major means to transport goods from ports to inland destinations. According to the Association of American Railroad’s study, rail companies move more than 40% of the nation’s total freight. Given the fact that the freight railway industry is already running without much excess capacity, better planning and scheduling tools are needed to effectively manage the scarce resources, in order to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for railway transportation. This research develops optimization-based approaches for scheduling of freight trains. Two mathematical formulations of the scheduling problem are first introduced. One assumes the path of each train, which is the track segments each train uses, is given and the other one relaxes this assumption. Several heuristics based on mixtures of the two formulations are proposed. The proposed algorithms are able to outperform two existing heuristics, namely a simple look-ahead greedy heuristic and a global neighborhood search algorithm, in terms of railway total train delay. For large networks, two algorithms based on the idea of decomposition are developed and are shown to significantly outperform two existing algorithms.     

基于NVH性能的电动汽车车身模态匹配与优化

为了减小车内噪声,提高电动汽车的NVH性能,文章应用车身模态匹配策略和流程,制定了模态频率规划表,利用有限元分析软件Hypermesh和求解器Nastran软件,对车身进行了模态分析与匹配,并对车身各部件的模态参数进行了灵敏度分析和优化。通过仿真验算和试验得到了较好效果,证明了分析方法的可行性。为电动汽车的NVH研发工作提供了参考。     

汽车转向系统十字轴万向节传动优化设计

转向力是汽车操纵稳定性中一项重要的评价指标,其力矩波动直接影响驾驶感觉。文章对汽车转向轴的布置与力矩波动的关系进行了分析,并针对某车型转向系统的十字轴万向节结构进行优化设计。优化结果在matlab软件里仿真,得到较好的结果,波动力矩在允许的范围内。并得出最佳的中间轴相位角及轴系布置方案,对转向系统的优化设计有一定的参考价值,可作为实际车型开发中传动优化设计的技术依据。     

基于HyperWorks冷却模块支架有限元分析与拓扑优化

本文基于Altair OptiStruct的拓扑优化功能,通过对某型号汽车冷却模块支架进行研究,以有限元分析软件Hyper Works9.0为工具,达到降低板壳单元结构关键部位应力的目标,优化设计出满足要求的支架结构。计算结果表明,优化后的支架有效地改善了关键部位的应力,提高了整个冷却系统的耐久性能,满足设计要求。     

面向船厂管子制造流程的仿真优化

管子生产是造船企业生产组织中的重要的加工环节,其生产计划的制定具有计算复杂性和多约束性的特点。结合仿真与优化算法,首先对船舶管子制造流程详细分析,构建管子生产流水线,并应用Plant-Simulation软件建立仿真模型,对船舶管子生产流水线的瓶颈进行分析,最后应用遗传算法实现生产计划的优化。利用国内某造船厂实际数据进行验证,结果表明该方法能够有效缩短工期。     

重型商用汽车车架轻量化设计

车架是汽车的主要承载构件,其功用是承受来自车内外的各种载荷,连接汽车的各大总成及各种车用设备,结构型式主要取决于汽车的总布置要求。深入研究车架的承载特性是车架结构设计改进和优化的基础,也是保证整车性能的关键。本文以某载货车车架为研究对象,建立了车架有限元分析模型;通过该车架模态仿真,验证了有限元模型的正确性;根据载货车的承载特点和行驶工况,对该车架在满载弯曲工况和满载扭转工况的静态应力分析,考察某载货车车架在典型工况下的应力分布,以此评价车架设计的合理性。在以上分析的基础上,本文对车架的连接横梁进行了结构优化,并对改进方案进行了有限元分析,通过与原结构的动态性能对比分析,确定了结构改进的可行性。     

后地板安全带固定点结构优化设计

针对后地板安全带固定点的3种结构形式,对后地板安全带固定点相关法规进行了介绍,并对后排安全带固定点的强度进行了分析。通过分析某车型后地板安全带固定点强度失效原因,对其后地板安全带固定点结构和焊点进行了优化,优化后的结构在模具冲压和车身焊接中均未出现问题,满足了静拉试验相关法规要求。     

管道完整性维护费用的效用函数优化方法

通过对管道完整性维修费用和收益的分析,提出了用效用函数来优化管道的完整性维修费用,给出了详细的求解方法。此方法建立在管道失效概率基础上,通过建立统一的损失度量标准来衡量直接经济损失、人身伤亡和环境破坏的影响,从而决定最优的维护费用。     

CFD技术在发动机冷却水套优化设计中的应用

为了分析冷却水套能否满足发动机的散热需求,文章通过CFD软件AVL-Fire对其进行了三维数值模拟,得到了水套流场的对流换热系数,其中缸盖鼻梁区的换热系数过低,需要对水套进行优化设计。对方案优化后再次进行了分析,结果表明,优化后的水套在热负荷较大的区域的对流换热系数均超过推荐值,能够满足散热要求。