Application of Ant System to network design problem

Network design problem (NDP) is the problem of choosing from among a set of alternative projects which optimizes an objective (e.g., minimizes total travel time), while keeping consumption of resources (e.g., budget) within their limits. This problem is difficult to solve, because of its combinatorial nature and nonconvexity of the objective function. Many algorithms are presented to solve the problem more efficiently, while trading-off accuracy with computational speed. This increase in speed stems from certain approximations in the formulation of the problem, decomposition, or heuristics. This study adapts a meta – heuristic approach to solve NDP, namely Ant System (AS). The algorithm is first designed, and then calibrated to solve NDP for the Sioux Falls test network. The behavior of the algorithm is then investigated. The result seems encouraging.     

汽车空调风道系统CFD研究与优化

基于对某种风道的CFD分析。对后风道和中心导风管进行了优化设计，改善了风量分配同时增加了总风量。分析结果显示改进能够满足要求。     

Simulation model for the study of overhead rail current collector systems dynamics, focused on the design of a new conductor rail

Overhead rigid conductor arrangements for current collection for railway traction have some advantages compared to other, more conventional, energy supply systems. They are simple, robust and easily maintained, not to mention their flexibility as to the required height for installation, which makes them particularly suitable for use in subway infrastructures. Nevertheless, due to the increasing speeds of new vehicles running on modern subway lines, a more efficient design is required for this kind of system.

In this paper, the authors present a dynamic analysis of overhead conductor rail systems focused on the design of a new conductor profile with a dynamic behaviour superior to that of the system currently in use. This means that either an increase in running speed can be attained, which at present does not exceed 110 km/h, or an increase in the distance between the rigid catenary supports with the ensuing saving in installation costs.

This study has been carried out using simulation techniques. The ANSYS programme has been used for the finite element modelling and the SIMPACK programme for the elastic multibody systems analysis.     

轿车转向梯形优化曲线的MATLAB解

本文以轿车转向梯形理想转角曲线与转向梯形运动转角曲线之间的拟合、优化问题为例,说明利用MATLAB进行曲线拟合的方法。利用MATLAB进行分析求解,将有效地避免优化程序的设计、调试等问题。这对于程序设计比较生疏或没时间设计求解程序的工程技术人员,利用MATLAB进行优化求解是一条简洁、高效的方法。该方法不论是对线性问题或非线性问题都能较好地加以解决。     

钢筋混凝土桥梁结构动力有限元模型修正

在建立桥梁结构有限元模型时,所建的有限元模型与结构的真实情况不可避免地存在着差异。要建立精确的有限元模型,必须利用大桥现场环境振动测量值得到一组结构实测模态参数,用以作为有限元模型修正的基准。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS的优化功能,对桥梁结构进行模型修正,修正后有限元模型的动力特性更加趋近于环境振动实测值。修正后的结构有限元模型可以作为大桥损伤监测和整体性评估的基准。     

平面十字交叉口停车线设计方法研究

城市道路交叉口停车线设计是影响交叉口通行秩序的重要因素之一。本文通过对平面十字交叉口的观测及分析,总结现状交叉口停车线设计的基本模式及问题,提出基于通行条件约束的交叉口停车线设计的实现目标及约束条件。将交叉口停车线设计理论化,给出平面十字交叉口停车线设计的基本模型。最后分析影响停车线设计的因素,并总结规律。在应用方面选择厦门市一个典型十字交叉口进行设计,以检验停车线设计模型的可行性。     

一种混联式混合动力轿车动力源功率的优化计算

混合动力电动汽车是当今解决汽车节能与排污问题的有效途径。本文提出一种新的混联式驱动系统,并对其动力源的功率进行优化计算分析。结果表明,在保证汽车原有动力性的前提下,采用此结构提高了汽车的燃油经济性。     

利用子结构动态特性优化设计抑制制动器尖叫

针对制动器噪声分析研究所提出的对子结构修改以抑制噪声发生的目标 ,探讨了优化设计的修改方法。在对有制动尖叫倾向的制动器进行建模分析并确定其关键子结构动态特性修改方向的基础上 ,在部件子结构中引入设计参数 ,用最优化的方法按照设定的目标函数对结构动态特性进行修改。最后通过模型验证 ,表明部件子结构动态特性修改后制动器系统在原来尖叫频率的不稳定模态不再出现     

油气管道完整性维护决策优化方法

阐述了一种处理管线维护资源最优分配的技术——基于风险的管线完整性维护决策优化技术。针对目前研究工作的范围和重点,具体阐述了基于风险的管线完整性维护决策优化的要点和实施步骤;提出2种优化方法:效用函数和有限费用优化;指出了难点,提出了建议。     

铰接式车辆转向机构的多刚体系统运动学分析与优化设计

本文发展了基于Kane方程的Huston方法的多刚体系统运动学理论,利用这一方法对铰接车辆的转向机构进行了运动学特性分析和解算,同时结合优化理论对转向机构进行了优化设计,计算实例表明该方法的有效性和实用性。