环境导向的城市交通分配模型综述

交通分配是智能交通诱导和控制的重要理论依据,研究基于因素的城市交通分配模型极具理论价值和实际意义。考虑环境因素的交通配流问题还刚刚起步,无论是模型的构建还是算法的设计与改进都仍有待于进一步的研究和探讨。系统地综述了目前国内外基于环境因素的交通分配的典型模型和算法,并提出其今后需要改进和发展的方向。     

环境导向的城市交通分配模型综述

交通分配是智能交通诱导和控制的重要理论依据，研究基于因素的城市交通分配模型极具理论价值和实际意义。考虑环境因素的交通配流问题还刚刚起步，无论是模型的构建还是算法的设计与改进都仍有待于进一步的研究和探讨。系统地综述了目前国内外基于环境因素的交通分配的典型模型和算法，并提出其今后需要改进和发展的方向。     

基于GIS的公交网络模型及其在公交线路查询中的应用

分析了公交网络的特点，研究了如何利用GIS技术建立基于道路网的公交网络模型，提出了基于最优化路径条件下的换乘搜索方法，并探讨了其在公交线路查询中的应用．该方法可用于计划出行路线和提供在线信息，有效综合了线路、费用、时间及相关的动态交通数据．这样的系统可建立在互联网GIS系统中，为出行者提供交互式的服务．     

Dynamic autonomous vehicle fleet operations: Optimization-based strategies to assign AVs to immediate traveler demand requests

Motivated by the growth of ridesourcing services and the expected advent of fully-autonomous vehicles (AVs), this paper defines, models, and compares assignment strategies for a shared-use AV mobility service (SAMS). Specifically, the paper presents the on-demand SAMS with no shared rides, defined as a fleet of AVs, controlled by a central operator, that provides direct origin-to-destination service to travelers who request rides via a mobile application and expect to be picked up within a few minutes. The underlying operational problem associated with the on-demand SAMS with no shared rides is a sequential (i.e. dynamic or time-dependent) stochastic control problem. The AV fleet operator must assign AVs to open traveler requests in real-time as traveler requests enter the system dynamically and stochastically. As there is likely no optimal policy for this sequential stochastic control problem, this paper presents and compares six AV-traveler assignment strategies (i.e. control policies). An agent-based simulation tool is employed to model the dynamic system of AVs, travelers, and the intelligent SAMS fleet operator, as well as, to compare assignment strategies across various scenarios. The results show that optimization-based AV-traveler assignment strategies, strategies that allow en-route pickup AVs to be diverted to new traveler requests, and strategies that incorporate en-route drop-off AVs in the assignment problem, reduce fleet miles and decrease traveler wait times. The more-sophisticated AV-traveler assignment strategies significantly improve operational efficiency when fleet utilization is high (e.g. during the morning or evening peak); conversely, when fleet utilization is low, simply assigning traveler requests sequentially to the nearest idle AV is comparable to more-advanced strategies. Simulation results also indicate that the spatial distribution of traveler requests significantly impacts the empty fleet miles generated by the on-demand SAMS.     

与交通控制协同的交通流准均衡分配模型研究

本文从路网均衡最优的角度，考虑交叉口交通信号控制对交通流的阻滞延误，建立了以路网总出行时间最小为目标的交通流均衡分配方程。通过引入拥挤度的概念，提出一个准均衡分配算法，算法不苛求能在一个问隔内使混乱交通流趋于平稳，而是在一定交通需求下，根据路段的运行状况（拥挤度），加载或卸载路段交通量，并考虑驾驶员出行特性，优化交叉口最佳信号配时，使交通流在不断反馈与不断调整过程中达到最优。     

Reliable Shortest Path Problems in Stochastic Time-Dependent Networks

This study investigates the time-dependent reliable shortest path problem (TD-RSPP), which is commonly encountered in congested urban road networks. Two variants of TD-RSPP are considered in this study. The first variant is to determine the earliest arrival time and associated reliable shortest path for a given departure time, referred to as the “forward” TD-RSPP. The second problem is to determine the latest departure time and associated reliable shortest path for a given preferred arrival time, referred as the “backward” TD-RSPP. It is shown in this article that TD-RSPP is not reversible. The backward TD-RSPP cannot be solved by the algorithms designed for the forward problem using the reverse search from destination to origin. In this study, two efficient solution algorithms are proposed to solve the forward and backward TD-RSPP exactly and the optimality of proposed algorithms is rigorously proved. The proposed solution algorithms have potential applications in both advanced traveler information systems and stochastic dynamic traffic assignment models.