考虑交通小区相关性的小汽车拥有行为研究

为分析建成环境对家庭小汽车拥有的影响，考虑交通小区间的空间相关性，分别基于0-1 邻接矩阵、共同边界邻接矩阵及质心空间距离矩阵构建了层次Bayesian 模型，并与不考虑空间相关性的模型结果进行了对比.基于长春居民出行调查数据对模型参数进行估计，结果表明：交通小区间的空间相关性显著存在；以不考虑空间相关性的模型作为对比，基于公共边界邻接矩阵的层次Bayesian 模型拟合效果最优；在控制家庭层面社会经济变量后，居住密度、土地利用混合度、交叉口密度及公共交通站点密度均对家庭小汽车拥有具有显著的负向效应，表明通过优化城市建成环境策略可有效抑制小汽车拥有量的增长.     

Auto CAD 2002实用技巧浅谈--关于CAD制图中的数据统计

本文介绍了利用Auto CAD 2002的属性提取功能，进行设备数据统计。     

汽车造型计算机辅助设计

1汽车造型设计的重要性及我国设计开发现状随着经济全球化进程的加快,世界汽车工业竞争日益加剧,汽车巨头们都在加紧新车型的设计开发。由于发动机、底盘设计制造技术基本成熟,新车竞争便主要体现在车身造型和电子设备的更新上。目前,在一款新车型的开发项目中,40%的设计师和工     

Are young Americans carless across the United States? A spatial analysis

This study uses the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data to investigate the most recent correlates of vehicle ownership among young Americans. This study performs a spatial analysis to examine the potentially non-stationary relationships between sociodemographic factors and vehicle ownership. Consistent with previous studies, modeling results from this study showed that young Americans are more likely to be carless than older adults. The spatial analysis answers the research question – in which regions(s) young Americans are even less likely to have a car. The results highlighted the Northeast states for the young American’s extra-lower vehicle ownership if the influences of all other factors are held constant. The cost of living and availability of transportation alternatives are possible reasons. Further, this study built separate models for young adults (25–34 years old) and three older age groups. The vehicle ownership correlates within the young adults are found to be generally consistent with the correlates among all adults. Among young adults, vehicle ownership is still significantly related to their gender, educational attainment, employment status, household characteristics, and travel demand. However, young adults’ vehicle ownership seems to be less sensitive to household income than mid-age adults’ (35–44 years old), perhaps because young people may not perceive financial stress such as child support and mortgage. This study contributes by using a spatial analysis approach to reveal the non-stationary correlates of vehicle ownership. This approach is useful for future travel behavior research and transportation policy considering the spatial heterogeneity.     

Human resources in the mixed ownership reform of Chinese ports: the mediating effects of organizational commitment

In the process of the change to mixed ownership of Chinese ports, the allocation of human resources has become increasingly important because of the workforce’s growing concerns regarding losses of benefits. The mediating effect of organizational commitment in the relationship between person-organization fit and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) can provide a significant reference for port managers and regulators, i.e., the government, regarding the framework of human resource systems. The data examined in this study were collected from three Chinese ports (Qingdao Port, Yantai Port and Rizhao Port) that are in the process of changing to mixed ownership. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the hypotheses. The results show that it is extremely difficult for groups with vested interests in Chinese ports to achieve consistency fit in the short term and to accept potential losses. Moreover, it is imperative to adopt a scientific and efficient person-organization fit mechanism and personnel system to achieve a higher level of fit.     

The influences of past and present residential locations on vehicle ownership decisions

This study explores the relationship between historical exposure to the built environment and current vehicle ownership patterns. The influence of past exposure to the built environment on current vehicle ownership decisions may be causal, but there are alternative explanations. Households may primarily select to live in neighborhoods that facilitate their vehicle ownership preferences, or they may retain preferences that they have developed in the past, irrespective of their current situations. This study seeks to control for these alternative explanations by including the built environment attributes of households’ past residences as an influence on vehicle ownership choices. We use a dataset from a credit reporting firm that contains up to nine previous residential ZIP codes for households currently living in the 13-county Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area. Results show that past location is significant, but of marginal influence relative to the attributes of the current location. From a practical perspective, our results suggest that models that include current but not past neighborhood attributes (also controlling for standard socioeconomic variables) can forecast vehicle ownership decisions reasonably well. However, models that include both current and past neighborhood attributes can provide a more nuanced understanding of the built environment’s potentially causal influences on vehicle ownership decisions. This better understanding may provide more realistic forecasts of responses to densification or other travel demand management strategies.     

论利益相关者与公司治理

通过对企业所有权的内涵的再界定和企业的所有权状态依存性的修正，我们认为企业所有权的最优安排应是企业各利益相关的共同分享制。井在此分析的基础上引申出了企业的四大利益相关主体，然后分别探讨了各主要利益相关主体与公司治理的关系。本构建了一个利益相关主体与公司治理的一般分析框架，试图达到的理解是，公司治理是一个股东主导型的各个利益相关主体的共同治理与相机治理。     

论中国土地资本化中的利益分配问题

中国有关土地问题社会矛盾产生的前提，是土地资本化的必然趋势；产生的经济基础，是土地资本化中的利益分配格局。这种分配显示了利益向开发商倾斜的格局。构成这种格局的根源，是中国特殊的“内公外私”产权制度，以及经济起飞阶段普遍存在的产业资本稀缺性。在特定历史阶段形成这种利益分配格局是必然的，从一定意义上来说也是合理的。此外，从来不存在“起点公平”的分配。     

高速铁路综合图自动生成关键技术研究

在Auto CAD开发环境下,以Visual LISP为开发工具,研究数据处理、图形绘制、图形裁剪及打印等技术,开发快速高效的自动化绘图软件,实现数据自动导入、自动绘图、图形自动分幅和批量打印等功能,提高绘图效率,为铁路工务管理部门提供自动化绘图平台。     

The association between transit access and auto ownership: evidence from Guangzhou,China

In many developing countries, massive investment in transit infrastructure is concurrent with the proliferation of automobiles. Planners expect that investment can slow the growth of auto ownership. However, few studies have examined the relationships between transit access and auto ownership in developing countries, whereas research in developed countries offers mixed findings and the outcomes may not be applicable to developing countries. This study employs a random effect ordered probit model on data collected from Guangzhou residents in 2011–2012. We find that transit access is negatively associated with auto ownership, after controlling for demographics and other built environment variables. This result suggests that, although income is the dominant driver for auto ownership in growing developing countries, transit investment is a promising strategy to slow the growth of auto ownership. This study also highlights the importance of addressing spatial dependency in clustered data.