中日汽车工业的发展变化比较

近年来，作为国民经济支柱产业的汽车工业飞速发展，增长幅度令世界瞩目。文章介绍了中国和日本汽车工业的发展，并对中日两国汽车工业在汽车密度、汽车保有量及千人汽车拥有量等方面进行了比较，指出虽然我国与日本相比相差甚远，但我国汽车市场前景广阔，汽车产销量在未来的3～5年内会跃居世界首位，成为汽车工业强国。     

Lead emission rates from gasoline engines—a legislative and in‐use emission rate study of U.K. and U.S. to 1990

Concern for reduction in air‐borne lead emission from passenger cars is focussed on both the legislative and practical steps in reducing lead in gasoline. The historical trends and projections to 1990 of present U.S. and U.K. policies are examined in terms of a baseline passenger car lead emission rate, g.km^‐1. It is likely that should the U.K. adopt a lead‐free petrol the decrease in lead emissions will only partially parallel the present U.S. experience from a start‐up date typically post 1990. The U.S. gasoline pool philosophy has permitted lead levels in gasoline to remain high; a pitfall which the U.K./EEC should avoid.     

Empirical approaches to combining revealed and stated preference data: Some recent developments with reference to urban mode choice

This paper replaces the nested logit ‘trick’ used in estimation of a modal choice model, when stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data are pooled, with an error component mixed logit model that can (i) relax the IID condition attached to subsets of alternatives in nested logit models, (ii) accommodate correlated observations, and (iii) reveal the relevant scale parameter for subsets of alternatives. Such a model can also incorporate state dependence between data types and preference heterogeneity on observed attributes. An example of choice among bus, train and car modes illustrates the difference in empirical evidence, especially elasticity outputs.     

机动车防冻冷却液的回收利用

直接排放废弃的防冻冷却液会对环境产生严重影响,本文介绍了2种防冻冷却液回收利用技术:物理蒸馏法和直接再生法,使再生液具有防腐、防锈、防垢、防沸的功能,符合防冻冷却液国家标准。     

汽车点火综合性能测试台的共振分析及预防措施

汽车点火综合性能测试台是由机械部分和电器部分组成。机械部分的主体是转台，以转台的主轴模拟汽车和摩托车发动机的工作状况，通过机械动力学、两轴从而 三圆盘等效系统图的分析、精心的机械风言风语才加工装配措施，成功地解决了高速工作条件下可移动式机械转台的共振问题。     

用新观点研究预测中国2010--2011年车市发展

为分析研究2011年及近期车市发展趋势,供汽车产销单位经营决策参考,采用“车市波动分析法”,用车市季度主要参数表和年度车市波动图分析车市实际走势。肯定了汽车产销量超美的成绩。指出2010年车市逐季度大幅回落趋势,分析了罕见的“波形异常”问题的影响及原因。对2011年面临形势进行了分析和预测：车市处于扩张后期,中下等市场,2011年后车市仍有可能小幅回升,对“十二五”期间车市发展持审慎乐观态度。     

基于Matlab/GUI的汽车扭杆弹簧悬架设计

针对扭杆弹簧悬架的设计计算过程繁琐复杂及计算量大的问题,基于扭杆弹簧悬架设计的应用实际,按照布置形式与结构形式的不同进行了扭杆弹簧的设计计算,利用Matlab/GUI模块将设计过程程序化,建立出相应的GUI界面,使设计过程通用化。通过实例运行显示出Matlab软件界面具有很强的实用性。该方法可以方便地进行重复设计,极大提高了工作效率。     

我国汽车消费正在发生4个转变

随着品质时代的到来,我国汽车消费将从追求价格高低向追求品质转变;从基本适用型向更具人性化设计转变;从传统的促销向体验式营销转变;从一般售后服务向售后服务人性化转变。汽车及零部件厂商应积极应对品质时代的到来,关注汽车消费的新动向、新特点,化不利因素为有利因素,实现汽车产业的快速、健康、良性发展。     

A single-period analysis of a two-echelon inventory system with dependent supply uncertainty

Disruptions and random supplies have been important sources of uncertainty that should be considered in the design and control of supply chains. There have been many real world examples in which a single catastrophic event has simultaneously degraded the capabilities of several suppliers leading to considerable erosion of profits and goodwill for a company. However, the literature on analytical models that account for the dependence nature of disruptions and its impact on supply chain performance is sparse.In this paper, we consider an m-manufacturer, 1-retailer, newsvendor inventory system with stochastically dependent manufacturing capacities, caused by random disruptions that may simultaneously inflict damages to the capacities of the manufacturers. We develop the structural/analytical properties of key performance measures and optimal inventory policies for the multi-source and assembly inventory systems. We show that stochastic dependence in disruptions can have opposite effects on system performance in the multi-source and assembly systems. While risk diversification is preferred in the multi-source system, risk concentration is preferred in the assembly system. Our results also suggest that, if the retailer ignores the effect of dependent disruptions, then in the multi-source structure, it would underestimate the cost, overestimate the fill rate, and order more units than the optimum; however, in the assembly structure, the opposite would happen. We perform a comprehensive numerical study to validate our analytical results and generate useful managerial and operational insights for effective risk management of supply chains in the presence of dependent supply uncertainty.     

刚性汽车的纵向极限稳定性分析

通过对刚性汽车进行受力分析,得到了刚性汽车发生纵翻的条件,并对汽车的纵向极限稳定性进行了分析,指出了提高汽车纵向稳定性的措施。