航空物流与区域经济高质量发展协同性——基于重庆的实证研究

自2017年十九大提出经济高质量发展以来,重庆根据中央部署,经济高质量发展取得了初步成功。在这一过程中,发现航空物流产业与区域经济高质量发展间存在正相关关系。为了研究重庆航空物流与区域经济高质量发展的协同性,采用数据包络分析(DEA)模型,对重庆市2008年至2018年GDP、航空货邮吞吐量等指标进行代入计算。结果表明,重庆航空物流与区域经济高质量发展存在较高的协同性,且呈现上升趋势,但由于航空物流和区域经济发展内部资源分配不合理,导致有效协同发展程度波动较大。结合重庆市实际情况,以资源配置优化为侧重点,提出提高二者协同性的建议。     

A valuation of the environmental performance of vehicles: an analysis and comparison of two methodologies

The European Clean Vehicle Directive was introduced in 2009 to create an obligation on public authorities to take into account the impact of energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and pollutant emissions into their purchasing decisions for road transport vehicles. This should stimulate the market for clean and energy-efficient vehicles and improve transport's impact on environment, climate change and energy use. Therefore the so-called ‘Operational Lifetime Cost’ of a vehicle is calculated, divided into the cost for energy consumption, CO₂ and pollutant (nitrous oxide, particulate matter, non-methane hydrocarbons) emissions. In Belgium, a different methodology has been developed to calculate the environmental impact of a vehicle, called ‘Ecoscore’, based on a well-to-wheel approach. More pollutants are included compared to the Clean Vehicle methodology, but also indirect emissions are taken into account. In this paper, both methodologies are compared and used to analyze the environmental performance of passenger cars with different fuel types and from different vehicle segments. Similar rankings between both methodologies are obtained; however, the large impact of energy use (and CO₂ emissions) in the Clean Vehicle methodology disadvantages compressed natural gas cars, as well as diesel cars equipped with particulate filters, compared to the Ecoscore methodology.     

Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

Port-city exhaust emission model: An application to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port

Exhaust emissions cause air pollution and climate change. The exhausts of shipboard fuel combustion are equally damaging particularly, so close to the environmentally sensitive mainland and island coasts, as well as at ports due to their urbanized character. This paper estimates, for the first time, exhaust pollutants related to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port and, in an island context. Emission assessment is based on a full bottom-up model and messages transmitted by the Automatic Identification System during 2011. Results are described as a breakdown of NOx, SOx, PM_2.5, CO and CO₂, according to ship classes, operative type and time, providing valuable information to environmental policy makers in port-city areas and islands under similar conditions. It is generally concluded that vessel traffic and passenger shipping in particular are a source of air pollution in Las Palmas Port. Emission maps confirm location of hot spots in quays assigned for cruise and ferry operations. Policy recommendations encourage regular monitoring of exhaust emissions and market-based incentives supported by details on polluting and operative profiles. On the other hand, feasibility studies are suggested for automated mooring, LNG bunkering facilities and also shore-side energy services, prioritizing berthing of shipping sectors (or sub-sectors) with the highest share of exhaust emissions once their local effects have been confirmed by a dispersion, exposure and impact assessment.     

车轮剥离性能试验研究

在JD-1型轮轨摩擦模拟试验机上，在赫兹接触条件下，对4种不同含碳量车轮轮箍钢的剥离和磨损性能进行了试验研究．结果表明：磨损量随含碳量的增加而减小；含碳量越高，剥离程度越严重，剥离块越大；降低含碳量，可减轻剥离的发生，但同时会增加车轮的磨损量．     

预应力碳纤维布施工探索

预应力碳纤维布应用于桥梁加固领域,目前处于起步阶段,尚无成熟的施工工艺和相应的预应力碳纤维片材施工规范。结合某特大桥的预应力碳纤维布施工,对预应力碳纤维布施工方案和施工中所遇技术难题进行了阐述,结果表明,采用该方法加固的桥梁结构的承载能力和刚度均有所提高,能满足桥梁安全运营的要求。     

广州地铁1号线车辆受电弓碳滑板运用现状分析

介绍了广州地铁1号线两种受电弓上碳滑板的运用状况及其差异性,进行了接触网的检查和一系列弓网关系试验,并通过对比测试调查A2、A3型车碳滑板出现裂纹的原因;对比了两种受电弓弓头结构和悬挂的差异,分析了弓头差异对A2、A3型车碳滑板频繁出现裂纹的影响,分析结论可为后续的弓网匹配选型做参考。     

Short/medium-term prediction for the aviation emissions in the en route airspace considering the fluctuation in air traffic demand

This paper proposes a novel short/medium-term prediction method for aviation emissions distribution in en route airspace. An en route traffic demand model characterizing both the dynamics and the fluctuation of the actual traffic demand is developed, based on which the variation and the uncertainty of the short/medium-term traffic growth are predicted. Building on the demand forecast the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 is applied to estimate the fuel consumption and the resulting aviation emissions in the en route airspace. Based on the traffic demand prediction and the en route emissions estimation, an aviation emissions prediction model is built, which can be used to forecast the generation of en route emissions with uncertainty limits. The developed method is applied to a real data set from Hefei Area Control Center for the en route emission prediction in the next 5 years, with time granularities of both months and years. To validate the uncertainty limits associated with the emission prediction, this paper also presents the prediction results based on future traffic demand derived from the regression model widely adopted by FAA and Eurocontrol. The analysis of the case study shows that the proposed method can characterize well the dynamics and the fluctuation of the en route emissions, thereby providing satisfactory prediction results with appropriate uncertainty limits. The prediction results show a gradual growth at an average annual rate of 7.74%, and the monthly prediction results reveal distinct fluctuation patterns in the growth.     

O2和 NO2气氛下柴油机炭烟氧化过程及其化学反应动力学参数研究

用热重分析仪对 O2和 NO2气氛下柴油机炭烟的氧化过程进行了试验研究,并利用程序升温氧化（TPO）试验对其化学反应动力学参数进行了研究,建立了 O2和 NO2气氛下柴油机炭烟氧化过程的化学反应动力学模型,并用模型对 O2和 NO2对炭烟的氧化效果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：柴油机炭烟在 O2气氛下大约从700 K 时开始氧化,氧化反应的活化能为76．8 kJ／mol ,对 O2的反应级数为0．85;而在 NO2气氛下大约从600 K时开始氧化,氧化反应的活化能为21．9 kJ／mol ,对 NO2的反应级数为0．85。在柴油机排气组分条件下,当温度低于750 K 时,NO2氧化炭烟引起的炭烟质量减少占主导;而当温度高于800 K 时,O2氧化炭烟引起的炭烟质量减少占主导。     

二氧化氯和氯用于饮水消毒的对比

选择细菌,大肠杆菌,氯仿、苯并（ａ）芘四项指标,对比二氧化氯和氯作为饮水消毒剂对各项指标的影响,结果表明,二氧化氯投加剂量低于氯;二氧化氯对水中致癌性物质苯并（ａ）芘有明显的降解作用,而氯则没有;加氯是产生氯仿的主要原因,而二氯化氯则不产生致癌致支变的氯仿。