基于三轴重复荷载沥青路面车辙预估的研究

通过对沥青混凝土车辙发生及发展的分析,车辙与沥青混凝土内部温度、材料性能、路面结构、行车荷载、行车速度有很大的关系.通过单因素分析法对各影响因子与车辙总变形建立了关系;而对于路面材料性能方面,选用三轴重复荷载试验进行了模拟,并用其结果--流变数F<,N>来表征沥青混凝土的抗车辙性能,并建立了关系,结果表明预估精度可靠,...     

船舶波浪载荷短期极值的经验公式

对散货船、油船、集装箱船的多艘实船进行了短期波浪载荷直接计算,分析了这三种船型的船舯垂向弯矩、L/4(L为船长)处垂向剪力、3L/4处垂向剪力的若干规律,以及集装箱船型的扭矩、船舯水平弯矩的若干规律.根据这些规律,总结出一套针对特定船型的短期波浪载荷极值的完整计算公式.     

船舶与海洋工程中的焊接变形预测方法研究概述

文章介绍了焊接变形预测理论的发展及现状,并将其归纳为基于实验和理论相结合的经验计算阶段、基于计算机数值模拟的模型分析阶段、基于新兴数据挖掘方法的研究应用阶段三个标志性阶段,详细论述了每个阶段预测技术在实际中应用的优劣.着重以BP、RBF人工神经网络为例阐述了神经网络等数据挖掘方法在焊接变形预测中的应用前景,并指出了目前存在的不足及未来亟待研究的方向.     

高速公路运营收入预测软件的开发

高速公路运营收入预测是高速公路企业进行财务评价的基础,根据交通量和收费标准相结合的预测方法,用V isual Basic编制的小程序实现高速公路基年和未来年运营收入的快速预测,从而结束了手工计算的估算方式,大大提高了工作效率。     

基于动态时间调整的时空图卷积路网交通流量预测

为深入挖掘交通流数据的复杂时空特征并建立其依赖关系,提高交通流参数的预测精度, 本文提出一种新的交通流量预测模型——基于注意力机制和残差网络的时空关系图卷积网络 (TSARGCN)。TSARGCN对输入数据进行切片,实现多分支建模,挖掘数据的时间周期性特征; 引入残差网络保证网络中信息传递的完整性;利用DTW (Dynamic Time Warping)算法计算路网 中节点之间交通流量序列在时间维度的相似程度大小,提出时间图的概念,结合路网结构中各节 点的邻近关系,提出时空关系图的概念;基于时空关系图,在每个分支结合注意力机制分别进行图卷积和时间维度卷积,捕获交通流的时空特征及其依赖关系,实现对路网交通流量数据时空关系的建模。经过在公开数据集PEMSD4上进行实验,结果表明：TSARGCN在交通流量预测中的平均绝对误差 (MAE) 达 到 19.24,均方根误差 (RMSE) 达到 27.09,比 ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model),Conv-LSTM(Convolution Long short-term memory)及 ASTGCN (Attention based Spatial-temporal Graph Convolutional Network)等知名交通流量预测算法具有更高的预测精度。     

基于时间累计法的机车维修性预计分析

基于时间累积法,阐述机车维修性预计工作流程以及系统与LRU平均修复时间的计算方法。并以空调与通风系统为例,说明了系统及LRU平均修复时间的计算过程,并由此得出整车的平均修复时间。文章最后阐述了维修性预计对机车设计的指导作用以及使用时间累积法的局限性。     

基于数据驱动的隧道地质信息精细化管理系统研发与应用

针对现阶段隧道超前地质预报系统管理粗放、数据利用率低等问题，结合数据驱动原理重塑业务逻辑，研发新的隧道地质信息系统TGIS。通过高度集成隧道勘察设计阶段地质、施工阶段超前预报地质及掌子面开挖揭示地质，实现基于数据驱动的预报方法优选、临近预报提醒、分级实时预警与有效处置、掌子面自动素描、预报成果辅助判识等功能，达到隧道地质信息精细化管理的目的。经现场使用表明： 基于数据驱动的隧道地质信息精细化管理系统界面友好、运行稳定、效果良好，各项功能达到设计要求，相对于传统超前地质预报系统具有明显的优势，可普遍服务于隧道建设。     

An evaluation framework for traffic calming measures in residential areas

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of various traffic calming measures from the perspectives of traffic performance and safety, and environmental and public health impacts. The proposed framework was applied to four calming measures – two types of speed humps, speed tables, and chicanes – to demonstrate its usefulness and applicability. A field experiment using probe vehicles equipped with global positioning system devices was conducted to obtain vehicle trajectory data for use in more realistic simulations. In addition, a recently developed vehicle emissions model was used for more accurate evaluation of environmental and public health impacts. The results show that chicane is better than the other types of traffic calming measures considered, except in terms of vehicle emissions.     

Strategies to achieve deep reductions in metropolitan transportation GHG emissions: the case of Philadelphia

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates strategies that could achieve an 80% reduction in transportation emissions from current levels by 2050 in the City of Philadelphia. The baseline daily lifecycle emissions generated by road transportation in the Greater Philadelphia Region in 2012 were quantified using trip information from the 2012 Household Travel Survey (HTS). Emissions were projected to the year 2050 accounting for population growth and trends in vehicle technology for both the Greater Philadelphia Region and the City of Philadelphia. The impacts of vehicle technology and shifts in travel modes on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2050 were quantified using a scenario approach. The analysis of 12 different scenarios suggests that 80% reduction in emissions is technically feasible through a combination of active transportation, cleaner fuels for public transit vehicles, and a significant market penetration of battery-electric vehicles. The additional electricity demand associated with greater use of electric vehicles could amount to 10.8 TWh/year. The use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) shows promising results due to high reductions in GHG emissions at a potentially manageable cost.     

Modeling the relationships among urban passenger travel carbon dioxide emissions,transportation demand and supply,population density,and proxy policy variables

To support the development of policies that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by encouraging reduced travel and increased use of efficient transportation modes, it is necessary to better understand the explanatory effects that transportation, population density, and policy variables have on passenger travel related CO₂ emissions. This study presents the development of a model of CO₂ emissions per capita as a function of various explanatory variables using data on 146 urbanized areas in the United States. The model takes into account selectivity bias resulting from the fact that adopting policies aimed at reducing emissions in an urbanized area may be partly driven by the presence of environmental concerns in that area. The results indicate that population density, transit share, freeway lane-miles per capita, private vehicle occupancy, and average travel time have a statistically significant explanatory effect on passenger travel related CO₂ emissions. In addition, the presence of automobile emissions inspection programs, which serves as a proxy indicator of other policies addressing environmental concerns and which could influence travelers in making environmentally favorable travel choices, markedly changes the manner in which transportation variables explain CO₂ emission levels.