城市交通规划模型的探讨

通过对中美两国城市交通模型的现状和发展的比较.首先回顾了美国在交通规划模型实践中的经验和存在的问题,并分析了中国交通问题的特征,及其交通模型的选择和数据采集方面的优势,主张中国在模型的开发和应用上,不应该局限于西方国家的实践经验,而应当大胆创新.其次,认为交通规划模型的研发,应该从提高预测能力和增强分析能力两个层面入手.当前一项紧迫的任务是由国家交通运输部组织专家工作组,对不同的模型和方法做客观的评价,为交通规划建模提供规范化的技术指导.最后,讨论了交通规划和GIS软件在实际应用中常常被忽略的一些技术问题.     

大学体育主从一体化教学模式的研究

本文根据《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》的精神,从理论与实践上探索大学体育“主从一体化”的全新教学模式．实验结果表明：大学体育课实行“主从一体化”教学模式,能有效地提高学生的体育兴趣,增强学生的体育意识,帮助学生在较短时间内掌掌握一、二项运动技能与健身方法,丰富体育基础知识,达到增强学生身心健康的目标,形成终身体育观念。为学校体育教学与社会接轨奠定良好的基础．     

ZIGLER岩沥青改性沥青混合料的性能研究

岩沥青常被用作为沥青路面的添加剂,已在国内外一些工程中得到应用。本研究用韩国SK基质沥青和台湾CPC基质沥青分别对不同掺量岩沥青胶结料性能进行了比较分析。采用AC-25沥青混合料,基质沥青为韩国SK-70号沥青,分别对不同掺量岩沥青改性沥青混合料性能进行了比较分析,推荐了岩沥青的适宜掺量。     

爆炸载荷作用下舰船板架的变形与破损

  目的  为了分析不同的舷侧防护结构抗导弹战斗部动能穿甲的防护性能,  方法  设计单层均质钢装甲结构、双层格栅防护结构等舷侧防护结构,采用数值仿真方法对比不同的舷侧防护结构阻拦中型亚音速半穿甲反舰导弹战斗部的效果。  结果  研究结果表明：采用形式简单的单层均质钢装甲作为舷侧防护结构时,需采用力学性能优良且厚度50 mm以上的某高强度钢,并且在实船应用中还应考虑薄、厚板间施工以及异种钢电位差腐蚀等问题;而采用双层格栅舷侧防护结构则可以避免上述问题。对于双层格栅防护结构,在重量一定的条件下,通过将重量资源分配给内层板以增加内层板厚度,可以显著提高双层格栅结构的整体防护能力。  结论  \t 研究成果可为水面舰船抗导弹动能穿甲舷侧防护结构设计提供参考。     

Green-Naghdi理论的全非线性浅水波数值模拟(英文)

Green-Naghdi (G-N) theory is a fully nonlinear theory for water waves. Some researchers call it a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model. Different degrees of complexity of G-N theory are distinguished by “levels” where the higher the level, the more complicated and presumably more accurate the theory is. In the research presented here a comparison was made between two different levels of G-N theory, specifically level II and level III G-N restricted theories. A linear analytical solution for level III G-N restricted theory was given. Waves on a planar beach and shoaling waves were both simulated with these two G-N theories. It was shown for the first time that level III G-N restricted theory can also be used to predict fluid velocity in shallow water. A level III G-N restricted theory is recommended instead of a level II G-N restricted theory when simulating fully nonlinear shallow water waves.     

Comparing travel mode and trip chain choices between holidays and weekdays

Choices of travel mode and trip chain as well as their interplays have long drawn the interests of researchers. However, few studies have examined the differences in the travel behaviors between holidays and weekdays. This paper compares the choice of travel mode and trip chain between holidays and weekdays tours using travel survey data from Beijing, China. Nested Logit (NL) models with alternative nesting structures are estimated to analyze the decision process of travelers. Results show that there are at least three differences between commuting-based tours on weekdays and non-commuting tours on holidays. First, the decision structures in weekday and holiday tours are opposite. In weekday tours people prefer to decide on trip chain pattern prior to choosing travel mode, whereas in holiday tours travel mode is chosen first. Second, holiday tours show stronger dependency on cars than weekday tours. Third, travelers on holidays are more sensitive to changes in tour time than to the changes in tour cost, while commuters on weekdays are more sensitive to tour cost. Findings are helpful for improving travel activity modeling and designing differential transportation system management strategies for weekdays and holidays.     

相依性条件下滨海软土隧道盾构施工渗漏水风险评价

滨海地区多为海相和湖相沉积的软土,施工难度大,渗漏水病害多发,因此,应对盾构施工过程的渗漏水风险进行评价来保证隧道安全施工。构建渗漏水风险评价三级指标体系,将云模型与Copula函数结合,基于Copula函数对于风险指标中相关风险因素的相依性处理,云理论对于定性与定量概念的处理与转换优势,构建相依性条件下的二维和三维云-Copula模型。以宁波市轨道交通1号线为例,利用云-Copula模型计算二级指标对于各个风险等级的隶属度,确定危险性较大的二级指标为注浆质量、止水条、衬砌混凝土自防水。利用D-S证据理论进行证据融合确定该检测区段渗漏水病害的风险状态为安全,但有向基本安全状态发展的趋势。通过对危险性较大的指标加强监控,使渗漏水得到有效控制,为软土盾构隧道施工过程中渗漏水病害的风险评价与管理提供了一种新的方法。     

双频振动压实机-土壤系统的数值仿真

建立了双频振动压实机一土壤系统的力学和数学模型,在试验基础上确定了模型中的参数值和相关系数。将数学模型转换为状态方程,利用SIMULINK仿真框图进行数值仿真,得到了压实机参数和土壤参数变化与压实效果的关系。以压实机对地面作用力最大为目标函数,以试验所得主要参数的取值范围作为约束条件,对压路机的参数匹配进行了优化。     

Privacy protection method for fine-grained urban traffic modeling using mobile sensors

With the ubiquitous nature of mobile sensing technologies, privacy issues are becoming increasingly important, and need to be carefully addressed. Data needs for transportation modeling and privacy protection should be deliberately balanced for different applications. This paper focuses on developing privacy mechanisms that would simultaneously satisfy privacy protection and data needs for fine-grained urban traffic modeling applications using mobile sensors. To accomplish this, a virtual trip lines (VTLs) zone-based system and related filtering approaches are developed. Traffic-knowledge-based adversary models are proposed and tested to evaluate the effectiveness of such a privacy protection system by making privacy attacks. The results show that in addition to ensuring an acceptable level of privacy, the released datasets from the privacy-enhancing system can also be applied to urban traffic modeling with satisfactory results. Albeit application-specific, such a “Privacy-by-Design” approach would hopefully shed some light on other transportation applications using mobile sensors.     

运用灰色理论预测隧道变形的探讨

隧道变形监测对于隧道的安全有着重要的作用.运用灰色理论GM模型对其变形数据进行预测分析,发现灰色理论对隧道的变形有一定的预测效果,同时了解到不同样本数据其预测精度存在差异.为此,提出使用二次拟合参数法对其进行改进,得出二次拟合参数法对低精度的预测模型有一定的改进效果,而对于较高精度的预测模型效果并不显著.