高原高寒高应力板岩施工技术研究

高原高寒高应力板岩隧道监控量测技术,能及时地掌握围岩动态的变化,随时监控到围岩的变形情况。根据监测结果指导隧道施工,提前做好隧道的大变形和坍塌掉块的预防和加固工作,为施工单位在高应力板岩施工方面提供一些参考经验。     

基于智能视频分析的铁路入侵检测技术研究

针对视频监控系统人工监视容易产生疏漏的问题,研究在铁路场景下基于智能视频监控图像序列处理和分析的识别物体入侵行为检测技术,给出铁路入侵物体检测、定位与跟踪的适用算法,实现基于轨迹点行为模型的入侵行为分析与理解。设计和开发了基于OpenCV的铁路入侵检测实验平台,在此平台上实现背景建模、运动检测与跟踪等项功能,初步实现了对入侵行为的识别、分析以及对危险行为的报警。     

货运列车通过变坡点时纵向性能研究

根据列车纵向动力学原理,用计算机语言编制列车纵向动力学仿真程序。用该程序对列车在通过变坡点时紧急制动和常用制动缓解工况的纵向性能进行研究。以列车在平直道上的紧急制动和常用制动缓解工况的纵向冲动计算值作为基准值,将列车在凹形线路纵断面的紧急制动纵向冲动计算结果和凸形线路纵断面的常用制动缓解纵向冲动计算结果与基准值比较,用以确定列车通过变坡点时最不利的变换工况位置。从而对列车运行的优化操纵有一定的指导作用。     

关于制宪权的形而下思考

自然法意义上的制宪权理论已经完成了它的历史使命 ,探讨制宪权的实际存在形态及其运作过程或许更有现实意义。社会基本矛盾的运动是决定宪法制定的终极原因 ,社会革命、社会剧变和社会变革都可能为制宪权的行使提供契机。我国在改革开放初期制定的现行宪法 ,不可避免地具有时代的局限性。为了催化成熟的宪政体制早日降临 ,选择何种宪法变革的路径或模式是社会转型时期首先必须考虑的问题     

利用Ansys进行网架结构损伤诊断的数值模拟研究

利用结构动力参数的改变对空间钢网架进行损伤分析，其中许多指标对损伤并不敏感.文中通过结构有限元分析软件ANSYS得到网架结构位移模态分析数据，采用杆件轴向应变变化率的模态分析技术针对不同损伤状况的钢结构网架进行损伤识别，能够较为准确地诊断出网架杆件的损伤位置．     

Understanding travel behaviour change during mega-events: Lessons from the London 2012 Games

This paper presents results from a longitudinal study of the travel behaviour change associated with the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games (the ‘Games’). The research examines commuter travel behaviour through a panel approach enabling an understanding of individual behaviour across three waves (before, during and after), with the study utilising unique access to a Transport for London panel study (n = 1132). The findings indicate that a substantial amount of change occurred during the Games (54% made at least one change), with reducing or re-timing journeys being the most likely adaptations made. A key objective of this work was to advance the discussion about the theoretical constructs that are most applicable in the study of behaviour change associated with disruptive events, which was done through the application and critical evaluation of the Transtheoretical Model. The insights from the stages of change element of the model were relatively limited but the analysis shows significant differences in the underlying factors explaining change according to the type of change made (reduce, re-time, re-mode and re-route). Whilst the long-term behavioural impacts of events like the Games appear small, the study has uncovered a need to consider these behavioural choices as distinct rather than under the collective term of “travel behaviour change”, as is current practice.     

Grand challenges for high-speed rail environmental assessment in the United States

The comprehensiveness of environmental assessments of future long-distance travel that include high-speed rail (HSR) are constrained by several methodological, institutional, and knowledge gaps that must and can be addressed. These gaps preclude a robust understanding of the changes in environmental, human health, resource, and climate change impacts that result from the implementation of HSR in the United States. The gaps are also inimical to an understanding of how HSR can be positioned for 21st century sustainability goals. Through a synthesis of environmental studies, the gaps are grouped into five overarching grand challenges. They include a spatial incompatibility between HSR and other long-distance modes that is often ignored, an environmental review process that obviates modal alternatives, siloed interest in particular environmental impacts, a dearth of data on future vehicle and energy sources, and a poor understanding of secondary impacts, particularly in land use. Recommendations are developed for institutional investment in multimodal research, knowledge and method building around several topics. Ultimately, the environmental assessment of HSR should be integrated in assessments that seek to understand the complementary and competitive configurations of transportation services, as well as future accessibility.     

Climate change modeling and the weather-related road accidents in Canada

The objective of this research is to study the impact of climate change on the hazardous weather-related road accidents in the New Brunswick, Canada. We develop an Exposure to Weather-Accident Severity (EWAS) index multiplying accident and weather severity. The Negative Binomial Regression and Poisson regression models are applied to estimate the spatial–temporal relationship between the EWAS index and weather-related explanatory variables of road accidents. The regression results show that the surface-weather condition, weather, driver’s gender, weather-driver’s age, weather-driver’s experience, and weather-vehicle’s age have strong positive correlation with the EWAS index, while the surface-road alignment and surface-road characteristics have negative relationship with the EWAS index. The climate change model also indicates that the number of accidents declines during snowy and freezing days—most people stay at home and those who travel extra cautious—accidents do occur. The study suggests that the Road Safety Strategy 2015 of the Transport Canada should take a holistic approach to help minimize the incidences of severe road accident during the normal as well as hazardous weather conditions.     

断面测量系统在隧道围岩变化量测中的应用

研究目的:采用徕卡断面测量系统对隧道围岩净空位移变化进行量测,该断面测量系统的机载软件能自动采集隧道围岩净空位移变化数据,再利用其后处理软件进行数据分析与处理,可以快捷地获得隧道围岩变化量测结果,并以准确直观的图形和数据表输出,为隧道围岩的稳定性判断和施工提供依据。研究结论:采用断面测量系统进行围岩净空位移量测是可行的,在判定隧道围岩的稳定性、支护效果、发现变异等方面取得了良好的效果,保证了数据的准确性和可靠性,减少了人为误差,为隧道施工提供了科学合理的数据依据,保证了施工安全和施工质量,加快了施工进度,也为优化隧道设计提供了重要依据。     

广义相关时延估计方法在神经系统损伤检测中的应用

应用广义相关时间延迟估计方法，经由诱发电位潜伏期变化的测定，分析研究了撞击加速度和缺窒息实验条件下中枢时间系统的损伤问题。计算机模拟和诱发电位信号分析表明，当神经系统发生损伤时，诱发电位的潜伏期会出现显的变化，这种化可以由广义相关时间延迟估计方法而有效测定。