论工程变更引起的工程价款调整

工程变更实施后引起造价调整主要是因为它使原有的清单项目发生变化和清单项目工程量发生变化。文中从单位工程造价组成角度来论述工程变更引起的分部分项费用调整、措施项目费用调整、其他项目费用调整以及规费和税金费用调整。     

轨道过渡段刚度突变对轨道振动的影响

建立轨道过渡段基础刚度突变的轨道振动微分方程,推导单轮作用下轨道变形的解析表达式。利用该解析解和叠加原理,研究轨道刚度突变对轨道振动的影响,分析单轮对和TGV高速列车在3种轨道刚度比时的轨道动力响应。结果表明,轨道刚度突变对轨道振动影响较大,轨道动力响应随着刚度比和列车速度的增加而增加。在理论分析基础上,提出轨道过渡段整治原则:过渡段宜采用分层(3~4层)强化基础刚度的措施;列车在过渡段运行时应满足所引起的动力系数小于或等于1.2及过渡段各层之间的刚度比在0.5~1之间;过渡段每层平缓距离,当列车速度小于或等于160 km.h-1时,取5 m,当列车速度大于160 km.h-1时,取10 m。     

公路设计中的工程勘察质量监控

在公路地质勘察过程中,有意识地对路线、路基、路面、筑路材料等勘察进行监控,为设计提供翔实的依据,可减少设计变更.     

1+X证书制度对教师角色转变的新要求

1+X证书制度是由国务院牵头,联合多部委与地方政府贯彻"职教20条"提出的新制度。其主要核心内容为1个学历证书与若干个技能证书相融合,通过模块教学达到课证融通的效果。在1+X证书制度的实施过程中,不仅有企业行业参与,更多的是老师与学生的融入。由于企业行业提出了不同的新标准,指定了不同的实施方案,这就要求老师从传统的教学模式转变为课证融通的教学模式,实现模块化教学。因此,从整个1+X证书制度的顶层设计到最后的实施落地,教师都需参与其中,实现角色转变。重新修订学校的人才培养方案,课程标准的制定,教学环节的实施。     

电流变化率保护的滤波算法

本文简单介绍了电流变化率保护的原理,并通过数学推导导出了一种直流滤波算法.该算法可以滤去短路电流中的交流谐波分量,得到直流电流变化率的准确结果.通过仿真分析验证了该滤波算法的有效性.     

安全软件变更的测试范围界定

安全软件的维护工作与最初的开发同等重要。进行安全软件维护时,对安全软件变更相关的测试范围的界定,是安全软件维护工作的重点之一。     

Comparison of various double-lane change manoeuvre specifications

One of the commonly used performance measures to quantify a vehicle's handling transient dynamics is the maximum forward speed (MFS) while passing a certain specified double-lane change (DLC) manoeuvre without violating the boundary and tyre lift-off. The MFS is directly associated with the minimum curvature radius (MCR) of the vehicle centre of gravity (CG) trajectory controlled by the driver during the manoeuvre. The MCR is further affected by the vehicle dimensions to meet the boundary condition. In this study, a single heavy vehicle CG trajectory is assumed to be a combination of three straight lines and two third-order spline curves. A heavy vehicle multi-body system model established with ADAMS/Car is correlated with test data for step-steer and constant radius cornering events, and then the model is used to demonstrate that the assumptions considered in the formulation applied in this paper are valid for this specific vehicle category. The MCRs of four heavy vehicles are maximised among all the possible choices of the vehicle CG trajectory during each of five specific DLC manoeuvres, including North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Allied Vehicle Testing Publication 03-160W), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3888-1, ISO 3888-2, Consumer Union Short Course and Test Operations Procedure 2-2-609. The maximised MCR (MMCR), considered as the best possible choice of vehicle CG trajectories, is further solved as a function of the vehicle width and length. The results will show the sensitivity of the MMCR to the vehicle length and width, thus the impact on the vehicle transient handling dynamics. Finally, the comparison of five DLC specifications may help users to correlate a vehicle's MFS from one specification to others.     

Elaboration and quantitative assessment of manoeuvrability for motorcycle lane change

The desire to quantitatively assess vehicle manoeuvrability and handling has led to the development of various expressions, or metrics, which typically relate system input to system output. With regard to motorcycle manoeuvrability, a notable example of such a measure, or metric, is the Koch index [Koch, J., 1978, Experimentelle und Analytische Untersuchungen des Motorraad-Fahrer Systems. Dissertation, Berlin.]. This article describes the development of a new metric applied to lane change (LC) tests and coined ‘LC roll index’. This metric takes into account the peak-to-peak values of the rider-input steering torque divided by the peak-to-peak roll rate response of the vehicle and normalizes this quantity by the forward velocity. In addition to this new metric, an analytical expression is developed, which in many cases summarizes a motorcycle’s LC performance in a single, terse, analytical term. Experimental results are presented for three vastly different motorcycles: a scooter, a street, and a touring motorcycle performing variations of the LC manoeuvre. Numerous test runs for each vehicle are analysed and the results are summarized along with those presented in the recent literature. Finally, simulation results are presented to highlight the correlation between the proposed indices and handling.     

监理工作的工程变更的若干问题

此文阐述监理工作的工程变更目前存在的若干问题,造成国有投资资金流失。     

北京地铁10号线一期工程国贸站方案设计

本文主要介绍了北京地铁10号线一期工程国贸站的工程概况，并对国贸站的方案设计和施工方案情况进行了详细的论述。