多源诱导信息对驾驶员路径变更行为的影响研究

交通广播、可变情报板、车载GPS和道路指示牌等诱导信息源是驾驶员路径选 择的重要依据.为系统研究多源诱导信息对驾驶员路径变更行为的影响机理,采用情景分 析法,以西安咸阳国际机场和西二环方欣商圈为OD,设置主路径和备择路径,引入通行 费敏感度构建SP 问卷,调查多源诱导信息情景下驾驶员由主路径向备择路径变更的频 率,在此基础上,构建路径变更行为的有序Logit 模型.结果发现,驾驶员路径变更对多源 诱导信息的依赖程度依次为可变情报板、交通广播、车载GPS和道路指示牌,反映了驾驶 员对动态、及时的诱导信息需求性更强;此外,在多源诱导信息作用下,通行费价格敏感 度、受教育程度对驾驶员的路径变更也有显著影响,而驾驶员年龄的影响作用不显著.     

旦架哨隧道监控量测与信息化施工

在旦架哨隧道施工中，进行了监控量测，经过量测数据分析处理，得到围岩的们移及应力变化规律，从而正确指导了施工。     

基于元胞自动机的双车道变道交通流特性研究

在庞杂的城市交通环境下,驾驶员为了寻求更快的速度,常常采用主动的换道行为。由于汽车使用量逐年增长,换道引起的交通事故经常发生。研究车辆变道行为,寻求有效措施减少交通事故的发生,对提高道路安全性具有积极的意义。本文以多车道系统中车辆变道行为为研究对象,以元胞自动机理论为基础,对比分析单向单车道、单向双车道换道行为,并运用MATLAB仿真软件进行分析,获得变道交通流的相关特性曲线。     

公路隧道出入口驾驶员视觉负荷评价与建模

公路隧道出入口段行车时驾驶员的视觉负荷变化较大,为进一步量化该路段视觉负荷的变化规律,选取10名驾驶员在秦岭终南山公路隧道柞水—西安段进行实驾试验,采集驾驶员在昼间晴朗天气下通过隧道出入口路段的照度、车速、瞳孔面积等数据。通过分析驾驶员在隧道出入口段的瞳孔面积变化特征,参照峰均比(PAR)、频段比(LF/HF)等物理学、医学参数,提出“瞳孔面积相对变化强度”(RCPA)的概念,将其作为视觉负荷的评价指标,划分出该指标取值与视觉舒适度的关系,并建立RCPA与速度、照度的数学模型。结果表明： 1）RCPA可以较好地体现出隧道出入口段视觉负荷渐变累积和急剧震荡的规律; 2）在即将驶入洞口和刚刚驶离洞口时的瞬时视觉负荷最大,超过了生理极限; 3）RCPA与速度、照度的定量关系可为隧道出入口制定安全速度阈值、改善照明环境提供参考依据。     

Climate change projections for variables affecting road networks in Europe

Global climate change will affect road networks during this century. The effects will be different in various parts of the world due to differences in local climate change and in the structure and properties of roads. In this paper, climate change projections are presented for climate variables that are most likely to affect the long-term performance of road networks in Europe. We apply four regional climate simulations up to the year 2100 using two plausible future emission scenarios. The results show that the changing climate will require significant adaptation measures in the near future in order to maintain the operability of the European road network.     

纳黔高速公路黑尼大桥变更路基方案研究

针对黑尼大桥修筑中存在的技术困难,采用物探手段对黑尼大桥岩溶发育情况进行勘察.在此基础上,对变更后岩溶路基的稳定性进行分析,并提出路基施工控制需要注意的问题.研究表明,黑尼大桥改为路基方案技术可行、经济节约、施工可控.     

Bounded rationality and irreversible network change

A network change is said to be irreversible if the initial network equilibrium cannot be restored by revoking the change. The phenomenon of irreversible network change has been observed in reality. To model this phenomenon, we develop a day-to-day dynamic model whose fixed point is a boundedly rational user equilibrium (BRUE) flow. Our BRUE based approach to modeling irreversible network change has two advantages over other methods based on Wardrop user equilibrium (UE) or stochastic user equilibrium (SUE). First, the existence of multiple network equilibria is necessary for modeling irreversible network change. Unlike UE or SUE, the BRUE multiple equilibria do not rely on non-separable link cost functions, which makes our model applicable to real-world large-scale networks, where well-calibrated non-separable link cost functions are generally not available. Second, travelers’ boundedly rational behavior in route choice is explicitly considered in our model. The proposed model is applied to the Twin Cities network to model the flow evolution during the collapse and reopening of the I-35 W Bridge. The results show that our model can to a reasonable level reproduce the observed phenomenon of irreversible network change.     

Scientific research about climate change mitigation in transport: A critical review

This paper seeks to develop a deeper understanding of the research on climate change mitigation in transport. We suggest that work to date has focused on the effects of improvements in transport technologies, changes in the price of transport, physical infrastructure provision, behavioural change and alternative institutional arrangements for governing transport systems. In terms of research methodologies, positivist and quantitative analysis prevails, although there are signs of experimentation with non-positivist epistemologies and participatory methods. These particular engagements with climate change mitigation reflect mutually reinforcing tendencies within and beyond the academic transport community. We first draw on a revised version of Thomas Kuhn’s philosophy of science to explore the path dependencies within transport studies, which are at least partly responsible for the predisposition towards quantitative modelling and technology, pricing and infrastructure oriented interventions in transport systems. We then employ the governmentality perspective to examine how transport academics’ engagements with climate change mitigation depend on and align with more general understandings of climate change in UK society and beyond. The analysis makes clear that ecological modernisation and neo-liberal governmentality more generally provide the context for the current focus on and belief in technological, behaviour change, and especially market-based mitigation strategies. While current research trajectories are important and insightful, we believe that a deeper engagement with theoretical insights from the social sciences will produce richer understandings of transport mitigation in transport and briefly outline some of the contributions thinking on socio-technical transitions and practice theories can make.     

基于VanetMobiSim/NS-2的车辆换道模型仿真

高速公路上驾驶人换道行为容易导致车辆碰撞事故。利用车载自组网（Vanet）车车通信提醒驾驶人在换道过程中可能遇到的危险,但在真实环境中测试车载自组网难度大,代价高。Vanet-MobiSim和NS-2分别是优秀的交通、网络仿真器,两者联合可以为车载自组网提供真实可靠的微观仿真平台。文中结合开源的VanetMobiSim中的智能驾驶人换道模型——IDM_LC设计Vanet环境下的车辆换道模型,仿真产生不同车密度、车道数下的移动车辆Trace文件。将Trace文件导入开源的NS-2中进行仿真分析。结果表明,采用VanetMobiSim/NS-2联合仿真平台可以很好的模拟设计的不同情景下的车辆换道模型,车辆换道时的车车通信将使得车辆换道效率和安全性都得到提高。     

浅谈工程变更签证中的问题与造价管理

该文较为详细地分析了工程变更签证中容易出现的问题,并提出了相应具有针对性的建议,以供同行参考。