城市公共自行车实施模式分析

自行车交通作为城市交通的重要组成部分,具有绿色环保、方便快捷等优点,在短距离出行中有无法替代的优势,因此被认为是解决城市交通出行矛盾的重要措施.本文对比了国内外发展城市公共自行车的各种模式,分析了其优缺点,指出我国上海发展公共自行车系统的政企合作模式值得借鉴与推广.     

公共自行车系统站间调度优化研究

国内多个城市开始推行公共自行车,但都存在借车难及还车难的问题,关键在于站点配车数不合理、站间调度不及时.运用运筹学中货郎担问题动态规划的解题思路,分两步求解站间调度路径:先收集自行车;再发放自行车,综合两步得到最优调度路径.通过建立简单数学模型并求解,证明货郎担问题解题思路可以用于解决公共自行车系统自行车调度优化.提供...     

广州市公共自行车发展探讨

近年来,在“可持续发展”理念推动下,公共自行车系统在全球范围内快速发展.广州自2009年开始推出公共自行车服务,本文重点针对广州公共自行车发展现状,探讨广州市公共自行车发展经验及存在问题,并提出相关改善建议.     

自行车停放管理对策分析

自行车失窃时有发生,停放管理是解决这一问题的有效方法。对不同管理模式的缺陷与适应条件进行了分析,对建设停放设施加强自行车停放安全的手段进行了探讨。结合实际,提出免费自管与收费管理并存的模式。     

自行车-行人共享道条件下自行车交通流特性研究

研究城市路内自行车一行人共享道条件下的自行车交通流特性,对城市慢行交通规划、设计和管理有重要意义。论文首先设计了共享道交通流数据的采集方案,并选择南京市5条典型的自行车一行人共享道路段展开交通调研。其次,对共享道自行车交通流基本参数进行统计分析,包括交通流量、速度、密度及空间占有量等．再次,以实测数据为基础,分别建立共享道条件下自行车交通流基本模型,以及自行车交通流基本参数之间的相互关系曲线．最后,总结分析共享道条件下交通流与传统交通流特性的主要差异性。     

On the influence of tyre and structural properties on the stability of bicycles

In recent years the Whipple Carvallo Bicycle Model has been extended to analyse high speed stability of bicycles. Various researchers have developed models taking into account the effects of front frame compliance and tyre properties, nonetheless, a systematic analysis has not been yet carried out. This paper aims at analysing parametrically the influence of front frame compliance and tyre properties on the open loop stability of bicycles. Some indexes based on the eigenvalues of the dynamic system are defined to evaluate quantitatively bicycle stability. The parametric analysis is carried out with a factorial design approach to determine the most influential parameters. A commuting and a racing bicycle are considered and numerical results show different effects of the various parameters on each bicycle. In the commuting bicycle, the tyre properties have greater influence than front frame compliance, and the weave mode has the main effect on stability. Conversely, in the racing bicycle, the front frame compliance parameters have greater influence than tyre properties, and the wobble mode has the main effect on stability.     

The value of time and external benefits in bicycle appraisal

We estimate the value of time savings, different cycling environments and additional benefits in cost-benefit analysis of cycling investments. Cyclists’ value of travel time savings turns out to be high, considerably higher than the value of time savings on alternative modes. Cyclists also value other improvements highly, such as separated bicycle lanes. As to additional benefits of cycling improvements in the form of health and reduced car traffic, our results do not support the notion that these will be a significant part in a cost-benefit analysis. Bicyclists seem to take health largely into account when making their travel choices, implying that it would be double-counting to add total health benefits to the analysis once the consumer surplus has been correctly calculated. As to reductions in car traffic, our results indicate that the cross-elasticity between car and cycle is low, and hence benefits from traffic reductions will be small. However, the valuations of improved cycling speeds and comfort are so high that it seems likely that improvements for cyclists are cost-effective compared to many other types of investments, without having to invoke second-order, indirect effects. In other words, our results suggest that bicycle should be viewed as a competitive mode of travel and not primarily as a means to achieve improved health or reduced car traffic.     

Estimating cycleway capacity and bicycle equivalent unit for electric bicycles

With the rapid increase of electric bicycles (E-bikes) in China, the heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow comprising regular bicycles and E-bikes using shared cycleway creates issues in terms of efficiency as well as safety. Capacity and bicycle equivalent units (BEUs) for E-bikes are two most important parameters for the planning, design, operation, and management of bicycle facilities. In this paper, eight traffic flow fundamental diagrams are developed for one-way cycleway capacity estimation, and a novel BEU estimation model is also proposed. Eleven datasets from different shared cycleway sections with different cycleway widths were collected in Hangzhou, China for estimation and evaluation purposes. The results indicate that, with around 70% share of E-bikes, the mean estimated capacity is 2348 bicycle/h/m. The effects on the capacity of the proportions of E-bikes, gender of cyclists, age of cyclists, and cyclists carrying things were also analyzed. The results implied that the estimated capacity is independent of a cyclist’s gender and age, but increases with the proportion of E-bikes. According to this study, the mean BEU for the E-bike is 0.66, and the converted capacities of pure regular bicycles and pure E-bikes are 1800 and 2727 bicycle/h/m, respectively. These findings can be used to propose practical countermeasures to improve the capacity of heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow on shared cycleway.     

Objective correlates and determinants of bicycle commuting propensity in an urban environment

ObjectiveBicycle use for commuting is being encouraged not only to address physical inactivity, but also vehicular congestion, air pollution and climate change. The current study aimed to ascertain the urban environmental correlates and determinants of bicycle use for commuting (bicycle commuting) among the working or studying population in Barcelona, Spain.MethodsAdults (n = 769; 52% females) recruited whilst commuting within Barcelona (Spain) responded to a comprehensive telephone survey concerning their travel behaviour. Based upon responses collected from June 2011 to May 2012, participants were categorised into four groups: frequent bicyclists, infrequent bicyclists, willing non-bicyclists, and unwilling non-bicyclists. The determinants of frequency and willingness (propensity) to commute by bicycle were assessed by multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders and covariates.ResultsThe number of public bicycle stations surrounding the home address and amount of greenness surrounding the work/study address were significant positive determinants of bicycle commuting propensity. On the other hand, the number of public transport stations surrounding the home address and elevation of the work/study address were significant negative determinants of bicycle commuting propensity. Individual age, education level, gender, nationality, physical activity level and commute distance significantly affected this propensity.ConclusionGreater availability of public bicycle stations and higher levels of urban greenness may increase bicycle use by adults commuting within a city such as Barcelona, Spain. Electrically-assisted public bicycles may address the challenge of elevation, making this system a more competitive mode against traditional motorised public transport.     

Using a stages of change approach to explore opportunities for increasing bicycle commuting

Given the potential benefits of bicycling to the environment, the economy, and public health, many U.S. cities have set ambitious goals for increasing the bicycle share of commute trips. The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, which seeks to describe how positive and permanent change can be fostered in individuals, may shed light on how cities can most effectively increase bicycle commuting. We use the model’s “stages of change” framework to explore the potential for increased bicycle commuting to the UC Davis campus in Davis, California. Our analysis uses data from the 2012 to 2013 UC Davis Campus Travel Survey, an annual online survey that is randomly administered to students and employees at UC Davis. Based on their responses to questions about current commute mode and contemplation of bicycle commuting, respondents are divided into five stages of change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance. We construct a Bayesian multilevel ordinal logistic regression model to understand how differences in socio-demographic characteristics, travel attributes, and travel attitudes between individuals explain their membership in different stages of change. In addition, we use this model to explore the potential of various intervention strategies to move individuals through the stages of change toward becoming regular bicycle commuters. Our results indicate that travel attitudes matter more to progression toward regular commute bicycling than travel attributes, tentatively supporting the efficacy of “soft” policies focused on changing travel attitudes.