城市公交站交通冲突分析及对策

公交站是城市公交系统的重要组成部分,客流通过在公交站点上下车的方式实现了公交系统的日常运营.但在公交站往往因其在有限空间内集聚大量人流与车流产生交通冲突,对城市交通的顺畅及通达产生消极影响.本文分析了城市公交站主要交通冲突影响因素及其冲突成因,并针对一般停靠和港湾式停靠方式产生的交通冲途性提出了解决问题的对策与方法.     

兼顾冷却、降噪要求的后置客车冷却系统研究

为保证发动机冷却效果良好,且具有低噪声特性,围绕冷却系几个关键部位进行了降噪试验研究。进行了风扇的选型设计,对进风格栅、进风通道、后舱门进行了吸声降噪设计。采取措施后,客车的车外加速噪声下降了2～3dB(A),表明,兼顾冷却、降噪要求的该后置客车冷却系统设计可行。     

交叉口单点公共汽车交通优先控制方法研究

开发ITS背景下的公共汽车交通优先控制方法是从根本上改善公交车辆运行情况的需要。满足车辆固有的行驶时刻表是实施公交优先通行申请的重要依据,在本文控制策略中运用绿灯时间延长和相位提前激活两种方法,在兼顾其它车辆运行情况的前提下,给予晚点公交车优先的通行信号。论文最后以厦门市湖滨南路实际交通流量为依托,运用交通仿真方法验证了优先控制策略的实际效果。     

On incentives and optimal effort to improve bus transit performance

ABSTRACT

This paper studies incentive-based subsidy to transit systems to improve performance. It derives a formula for optimal effort that equalizes marginal cost and marginal benefit and derives some principles from it among which is that the larger the value of a transit system’s performance criterion the larger the effort it will exert to improve it. Next, using a constrained cost minimization approach it derives a nonlinear cost function that includes optimal effort and estimates it using an unbalanced panel data of single mode U.S. bus transit systems. The results show that optimal effort is the equivalent of seven full-time employees (15,243 labor hours) per year and in real terms it results in 0.6% cost saving (US$198,331) and US$836,796 in incentive subsidy per observation. The implications of these findings are examined.     

Optimization of bus stop placement for routes on uneven topography

The improvement and expansion of public transport is an increasingly important solution to the high congestion costs and worsening environmental impacts of the car dominated transport systems seen in many cities today. The intelligent design of stop locations is one way to improve the quality of PT and thereby improve its ridership. Stop placement is a relatively complex task as it involves a trade-off between two competing goals; accessibility and operation; however this trade-off can be made explicit using an appropriate mathematical model. Many such models have been developed in the literature, however none consider the effects of uneven topography. Topography is an important but often neglected factor in the design of public transportation systems, with the potential to have a significant impact on the accessibility, operation and planning of a transit service. In this work a mathematical modelling approach to bus stop placement is developed which includes considerations of uneven topography in three ways; (1) Its effect on walking speed; (2) Its impact on the attractiveness of an access path to a transit service; and (3) Its effect on acceleration rates at stops. Because of the complexity of the model developed, a heuristic evolutionary algorithm’ is employed to approximate an optimal solution to the model. Finally, the model and solution method are applied to a case study in the Auckland CBD area in New Zealand.     

铁路信号系统中以太网转CAN网关设计

设计一种适用于铁路信号系统的以太网转CAN网关设备,将PowerPC405EP作为主控处理器芯片,采用Linux操作系统,利用其自带的协议栈实现以太网通信功能,外扩SJA1000实现CAN总线数据收发功能。为了便于工程施工和现场快速配置,相关通信配置文件及应用程序均存储在外扩的CF卡中。另外,系统还配备了专用的监测以太网接口通道,设备开通运营后可将其工作状态和上下行的通信原始数据上传至监测计算机用于故障分析。     

国产在用客车高速行驶时存在的主要问题及对策

在对我国高速公路客车运输行驶状况进行大量统计与调研的基础上,分析了国产在用客车高速行驶时所存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策。统计结果表明,目前我国全封闭式高速公路的运输能力还未能得到充分发挥,其主要原因是国产在用客车动力性、行驶稳定性、高速制动性等性能较差,建议高速公路用客车的设计,应充分考虑其使用特点及主动安全性要求。     

重庆主城区公交优先道系统设置技术及实施方案

实施公交优先道是落实公共交通优先发展策略的重要措施。公交优先道建设工作是一项系统工程,本文结合重庆主城区实际情况,总结了公交优先道系统设置技术和实施方案,即"四个系统、一个平台",包含交通标志标线系统、交通违法抓拍系统、公交优先道信息系统、信号优先控制系统和综合信息平台,有效改善了主城区地面公交运行环境,同时提升了交通纠违工作效率。     

公交停靠站停靠时间特征分析

公交停靠站停靠时间的研究有着重要的实用价值。在分析影响公交停靠时间的各个因素后,根据实地调查数据统计分析各个影响因素对停靠时间的影响特征,并在此基础上提出减少公交停靠时间延误的对策。     

深圳快速公交(BRT)1号线总体规划方案

深圳市汽车拥有量与机动化出行需求迅猛增长,迫切要求大力发展公共交通．规划在市区北部建设BRT1号线。论文阐明了深圳BRT1号线建设必要性,提出了线路方案、场站布局方案与运营线路组织方案。