城市公共交通两倍站距运营设计

为解决城市公共交通站距与车站覆盖率问题,改进目前公共交通设站模式,提出公共交通两倍站距运营原理,即将一条线路设置为分别在单、双数站停靠的两条线路,每隔一定数量的车站设置合并站。对市区线和郊区线运营效果分析表明,两倍站距运营可节省车辆停靠率33％～39％,既节省了运营时间,又提高了车站覆盖率,便于乘客享受公共交通的快捷服务。最后,以北京市南中轴路BRT1号线为例,将现有运营方式与两倍站距运营方案进行了对比。     

北京市快速公交2号线实施效果分析

针对快速公交在我国大中城市的逐步推广应用,通过运行环境、服务水平、对走廊内公共交通的影响、乘客满意度等方面的调查,对北京市快速公交二号线（BRT2号线）的实施情况进行全面评估,并与沿线常规公交进行对比分析。结果表明,要改善BRT2号线的运行效果,必须将其与沿线常规公交进行整合,实施线路调整、换乘接驳等统筹规划,并采取设置信号优先、开设“大站快车”等措施。     

超车工况下高速客车操纵稳定性仿真与试验研究

在分析大客车结构和载荷分布的基础上,根据乘员人体工程学和系统动力学原理,建立了九自由度客车模型。对客车模型的仿真结果和实车试验结果进行了对比,验证了该模型的正确性和实用性。同时,利用此模型仿真分析了悬架参数变化对高速超车工况客车操纵稳定性的影响。     

基于特定挡位车速下客车异常振动原因分析

针对某客车在5挡以70～90km/h车速行驶时发生的异常振动问题,进行了车辆前、后段底架模态分析及试验验证和道路行驶振动试验,发现后段底架固有频率恰与发动机5挡工作转速频率(40～50 Hz)相吻合是该客车产生振动的原因。采用更换变速器的方法(但匹配的主减速比不变),以期避开共振频率。试验结果表明,更换变速器后客车可以在较大范围内避开共振频率区。     

Cost benefit analysis of three different urban bus drive systems using real driving data

One of the CIVITAS-ELAN project measures in Ljubljana, Slovenia, was the introduction of alternative city bus propulsion systems (CNG, hydraulic hybrid buses) into the public transport and comparison of their performance in terms of costs and benefits with conventional (diesel) buses. A cost-benefit analysis was conducted to provide a model for identifying the most attractive alternative, with aim of aiding the decision making process for future rational up-scaling of the alternative propulsion technologies in PT fleet in Ljubljana. This paper focuses on presenting the key findings of this CBA, using real driving data, while demonstrating the sensitivity/variance of different parameters of a CBA, as well as the differentiation between uncertainties of parameters in an ex-ante analysis versus an ex-post analysis.     

公交驾驶员心理状况影响因素分析与疾病判别模型

为对公交驾驶员心理疾病实现精准干预，维护乘客生命及公共交通安全，本文通过分析公 交驾驶员心理状况影响因素构建心理疾病类型判别模型。选用由基本信息、身体状况、生活状 态、驾驶行为、组织认同感、人格特征以及职业压力与工作倦怠问卷组成的公交驾驶员心理健康 状况调查问卷，对400名城市公交驾驶员展开问卷调查研究，通过皮尔逊相关性检验分析心理状 况影响因素，利用K-means聚类算法和多元Logistic回归模型判别和分析心理疾病，提出相应干 预措施。结果表明：人格冷怒和驾驶行为、身体状况、生活状态、组织认同感显著正相关，职业压 力与工作倦怠和这4个影响因素显著负相关，相关性均较强，因此，构建心理疾病判别模型时排除 与多个影响因素均呈较强相关性的人格冷怒、职业压力与工作倦怠这两个影响因素；被调查的公 交驾驶员中，心理状态良好型、轻度心理疾病型、严重心理疾病型占比分别为52%、34%、14%；公 交驾驶员心理疾病类型与身体状况、驾驶行为以及生活状态显著正相关，与驾驶行为的相关性最 强，身体状况次之，生活状态最弱。     

CAN/Ethernet网关的设计及应用

本文设计了CAN/Ethernet网关,包括CAN接口,以太网接口的设计及驱动程序,并在单片机上实现了TCP/IP协议。将本网关应用于桥梁自动化系统的设计中,从而可以将现场设备和监控PC机之间联系起来进行数据交换,实现自动控制。     

Bus travel time prediction using a time-space discretization approach

The accuracy of travel time information given to passengers plays a key role in the success of any Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) application. In order to improve the accuracy of such applications, one should carefully develop a prediction method. A majority of the available prediction methods considered the variation in travel time either spatially or temporally. The present study developed a prediction method that considers both temporal and spatial variations in travel time. The conservation of vehicles equation in terms of flow and density was first re-written in terms of speed in the form of a partial differential equation using traffic stream models. Then, the developed speed based equation was discretized using the Godunov scheme and used in the prediction scheme that was based on the Kalman filter. From the results, it was found that the proposed method was able to perform better than historical average, regression, and ANN methods and the methods that considered either temporal or spatial variations alone. Finally, a formulation was developed to check the effect of side roads on prediction accuracy and it was found that the additional requirement in terms of location based data did not result in an appreciable change in the prediction accuracy. This clearly demonstrated that the proposed approach based on using vehicle tracking data is good enough for the considered application of bus travel time prediction.     

Effects of new bus and rail rapid transit systems – an international review

Cities worldwide are implementing modern transit systems to improve mobility in the increasingly congested metropolitan areas. Despite much research on the effects of such systems, a comparison of effects across transit modes and countries has not been studied comprehensively. This paper fills this gap in the literature by reviewing and comparing the effects obtained by 86 transit systems around the world, including Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), metro and heavy rail transit systems. The analysis is twofold by analysing (i) the direct operational effects related to travel time, ridership and modal shifts, and (ii) the indirect strategic effects in terms of effects on property values and urban development. The review confirms the existing literature suggesting that BRT can attract many passengers if travel time reductions are significantly high. This leads to attractive areas surrounding the transit line with increasing property values. Such effects are traditionally associated with attractive rail-based public transport systems. However, a statistical comparison of 41 systems did not show significant deviations between effects on property values resulting from BRT, LRT and metro systems, respectively. Hence, this paper indicates that large strategic effects can be obtained by implementing BRT systems at a much lower cost.     

A bi-level programming for bus lane network design

This paper proposes a bi-level programming model to solve the design problem for bus lane distribution in multi-modal transport networks. The upper level model aims at minimizing the average travel time of travelers, as well as minimizing the difference of passengers’ comfort among all the bus lines by optimizing bus frequencies. The lower level model is a multi-modal transport network equilibrium model for the joint modal split/traffic assignment problem. The column generation algorithm, the branch-and-bound algorithm and the method of successive averages are comprehensively applied in this paper for the solution of the bi-level model. A simple numerical test and an empirical test based on Dalian economic zone are employed to validate the proposed model. The results show that the bi-level model performs well with regard to the objective of reducing travel time costs for all travelers and balancing transit service level among all bus lines.