快速公交“整合式”运营模式分析——以杭州市B1线为例

为解决快速公交过多占用道路资源、影响其他车辆行驶的矛盾,缓和交通供需压力,以杭州市为例,对"整合式"运营模式进行分析.首先介绍杭州B1线实施"整合式"运营模式的背景,然后分析其实施的可行性,提出这种运营模式的优势是使B1线客流明显增长,系统设备得以充分利用.考虑到该运营模式对快速公交造成排队进站、停车时间延长、准点率下降等不利影响,建议引入的线路条数不宜太多,并提出减小影响的相关措施.     

Lessons in ownership, regulation and management from 100 years of bus transport in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka observes 100 years of bus passenger transport in 2007. During this period the country has seen different forms of service providers ranging from private sector monopolies to state sector monopolies. It also has seen several changes in state policy ranging from welfare orientated service provision to entire market determined without any regulation. The existing regulated mixed competition is also characterized by poorly equipped regulators. In conclusion, the paper traces the different stages of failure that have led to the poor quality of bus transport services existing at present.     

A video-based approach to promote safe driving among foreign visitors to Japan

Recently, the demand for car rentals has been increasing at tourist destinations in Japan due to their convenience and the high degree of freedom they offer. On the other hand, there is a problem of a dramatic rise in the number of traffic accidents involving drivers from countries with different traffic customs and cultures from Japan. In order to examine measures to reduce the traffic accident risk of foreign drivers visiting Japan, an animation video to promote safe driving was created and its educational effects were tested in this article. First, through a driving survey of foreigners and a review of preceding studies, we identified information on Priority, Speed, and Comprehension (PSC) that must be learned by foreign visitors to reduce their accident risk. Next, drawing from the technique of branded contents in order to enhance the effects of educational videos, we created a short video that conveys the PSC philosophy that should be understood for safe driving in Japan. We then tested the educational effects of the video by conducting a survey of Taiwanese people. The results show that strengthening the video's appeal leads to improvements in educational effects and therefore safety awareness. We also realized that the effect was particularly significant among young people in their twenties. Lastly, the rent-a-car businesses evaluated the videos and basing on their input, we summarized effective ways for foreign rent-a-car users visiting Japan to use the video.     

Reducing bunching with bus-to-bus cooperation

Schedule-based or headway-based control schemes to reduce bus bunching are not resilient because they cannot prevent buses from losing ground to the buses they follow when disruptions increase the gaps separating them beyond a critical value. (Following buses are then overwhelmed with passengers and cannot process their work quick enough to catch up.) This critical gap problem can be avoided, however, if buses at the leading end of such gaps are given information to cooperate with the ones behind by slowing down.This paper builds on this idea. It proposes an adaptive control scheme that adjusts a bus cruising speed in real-time based on both, its front and rear spacings much as if successive bus pairs were connected by springs. The scheme is shown to yield regular headways with faster bus travel than existing control methods. Its simple and decentralized logic automatically compensates for traffic disruptions and inaccurate bus driver actions. Its hardware and data requirements are minimal.     

Dynamic bus holding strategies for schedule reliability: Optimal linear control and performance analysis

As is well known, bus systems are naturally unstable. Without control, buses on a single line tend to bunch, reducing their punctuality in meeting a schedule. Although conventional schedule-based strategies that hold buses at control points can alleviate this problem these methods require too much slack, which slows buses. This delays on-board passengers and increases operating costs.It is shown that dynamic holding strategies based on headways alone cannot help buses adhere to a schedule. Therefore, a family of dynamic holding strategies that use bus arrival deviations from a virtual schedule at the control points is proposed. The virtual schedule is introduced whether the system is run with a published schedule or not. It is shown that with this approach, buses can both closely adhere to a published schedule and maintain regular headways without too much slack.A one-parameter version of the method can be optimized in closed form. This simple method is shown to be near-optimal. To put it in practice, the only data needed in real time are the arrival times of the current bus and the preceding bus at the control point relative to the virtual schedule. The simple method was found to require about 40% less slack than the conventional schedule-based method. When used only to regulate headways it outperforms headway-based methods.     

清洁发展机制在快速公交系统中的可行性分析

介绍清洁发展机制(CDM)的内涵,CDM项目的总要求及项目审批程序和过程。基于哥伦比亚波哥大快速公交系统(Trans Milenio)项目,根据清洁发展机制(CDM)的运行经验,分析我国快速公交系统(BRT)申请清洁发展机制的可行性及发展趋势,最后,对开展的相关工作提出建议。     

涉酒驾驶主体构成及其认知活动研究

涉酒驾驶已被世界卫生组织列为发生交通事故的首要原因。文中主要从年龄、驾龄,涉酒驾驶的行为取向,心理特征及对涉酒驾驶后果的认识程度等方面,通过对浙江省金华市区近千名机动车驾驶员调查,分析研究涉酒驾驶主体的构成及其认知活动的特征,指出年龄35岁以下、驾龄5年以下的机动车驾驶员为主要的涉酒驾驶主体,是重点防治与干预对象,并提出针对性的涉酒驾驶干预措施。     

中国快速公交系统发展简评

过去6年中,中国有13个城市建设了长达350 km的快速公交(BRT)系统,发展速度超过了其他任何国家和地区.然而,无论是处于城市周边地区的BRT走廊,还是低需求量设计的中心地区走廊,这些BRT系统容量较小、客流需求处于中低水平.直到2010年2月广州市BRT开通后,这一情况才得以改变.从最早于1999年在昆明市实行的...     

电子风扇在海格客车上的节能应用

通过将客车原有的传统冷却系统改为带电子风扇的ATS冷却系统后,进行油耗对比试验。试验结果表明,带电子风扇的ATS冷却系统能够显著降低车辆油耗。另外。如果能将ATS采用整体式模块化设计,将大大减少其布置使用空间,有助于新的发动机排放控制技术的实施。     

基于北斗的节能型智能公交电子站牌的开发及应用

解决“市民出行难”问题一直是政府部门关注的民生问题,实现公交信息化是解决“出行难”问题的重要环节和出路.本文提出了一种基于北斗导航系统的节能型智能公交电子站牌系统结构设计方案,有利于市民选择公交作为出行方式.同时,能提升公交公司的服务水平和质量。