基于“开放性信息流”公交站牌概念设计探讨

本文系统地分析了国内普通公交站牌普遍存在的信息不全和人性化程度较低等问题。针对公交站牌的主要问题,从信息全面和乘客“受控能力”的基本思想出发,提出了新型公交站牌的基本概念设计思路。通过采用开放式的信息流表达方式,结合区域内公交线网分布图,运用站点索引和线路索引两种查询方式来指引乘客乘坐公交。通过新型公交站牌,乘客不仅可以获得公交线路的信息,还可以获得整个城市的重要公交站点、客运枢纽站和地理位置信息等。设计概念与传统的公交站牌设计思路相比,更加体现了“以人为本”和“以顾客为关注焦点”的理念。     

Modeling bus bunching using massive location and fare collection data

Bus bunching is a well-known phenomenon for operators, users and regulators of high-frequency bus services. Bus operations are usually affected by increasing differences in the time intervals (headways) between consecutive buses. The effect of this variability is that buses tend to group into bunches of two or more, which severely affects the quality of service and the operational efficiency. The aim of this paper is to analyze which factors are associated to the phenomenon, using massive data from high-frequency services available in Santiago (Chile) and common-route services in Gatineau (Canada). The data is obtained from the bus GPS and AFC systems and are processed to obtain headways between buses. Using data from one week, we develop models to explain the variation of the continuous and discrete indicators of bus bunching as a function of variables related to the operation, variables related to the demand structure, and variables related to the infrastructure. Some of the factors that contribute to increase bus bunching are: stops located toward the end of the route, high scheduled frequency, irregular bus dispatch headways, non-homogeneous fleet, high demand, and high variability of demand. The results are useful for the design of quality indexes to measure bunching in bus operations, and for the design and operation of bus routes, taking into consideration the potential bus bunching problems.     

Switching service types for multi-region bus systems

Conventional fixed-route bus services are generally preferred to flexible-route services at high demand densities, and vice versa. This paper formulates the problem of integrating conventional and flexible services that connect a main terminal to multiple local regions over multiple time periods. The system’s vehicle size, route spacing (for conventional services), service area (for flexible services), headways and fleet sizes are jointly optimized to minimize the sum of supplier costs and user costs. The route spacing for conventional bus services and service area for flexible bus services are also optimized for each region. The proposed solution method, which uses a genetic algorithm and analytic optimization, finds good solutions quickly. Numerical examples and sensitivity analyses confirm that the single fleet variable-type bus service may outperform either the single fleet conventional bus service or the single fleet flexible bus service when demand densities vary substantially among regions and time periods.     

法国城市旅客手机信息服务系统

先进的旅客信息系统(ATIS)是智能交通系统中的一个重要的组成部分.信息发布是其中直接和出行者相联系的一个环节,在最主要的几种信息发布技术中,互联网和移动终端无疑是最现代也是最能提供个性化功能的两种方式.欧洲一些国家在这一领域的研发和应用已有一定的发展,并取得了一些成果.就法国基于手机的先进的旅客信息系统的应用进行了详细介绍,对驾驶人信息服务以及公共交通信息服务的几个主要系统进行了对比,分析了其功能特点,并从服务方式、实现流程以及重要的影响因素等几个方面来分析系统的研发现状,最后总结了该系统成功运营的一些组织管理经验.     

北京市南中轴路快速公交运营效果分析

在介绍北京市南中轴路快速公交概况的基础上,从常规公交线路调整和交叉口信号优先两方面阐述了南中轴路快速公交实施的保障措施,并且从道路交通系统、公交服务水平和乘客满意度三方面具体分析了BRT的运营效果.同时,通过对比BRT与轨道交通,得出了BRT较明显的优势.最后,针对规划和运营中存在的问题提出了相应的改进建议措施,如组织编组运营、加快高峰时间的车辆周转、加开大站快车、加开区间车和尽快投入超大容量车型等措施,并对建设与运营提出了一些思考.     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

厦门BRT链接线服务范围延伸作用研究

BRT作为一种可持续的城市公共交通模式,它所具有的快速性、灵活性和成本效应对国内城市尤为适合.基于BRT的优点及厦门市交通现状,厦门市BRT一期工程及其链接线于2008年9月初建成并投入运营.本文主要针对厦门市“BRT+链接线”模式,通过服务半径及覆盖面积的计算,分析BRT链接线对BRT主线服务范围的延伸作用及设置BRT链接线的相关意义.     

城市尽端区域对外交通疏解通道研究 ——以青岛维多利亚湾小区为例

随着城市道路交通拥堵越来越严重,人们的对外出行受到了挑战,需要采取综合治理措施.本文以青岛维多利亚湾小区为例,详细分析了现状交通问题,提出了详细的规划策略,包括提高公交出行水平,降低小汽车交通出行量;提高交通出行安全性,实现客货分离;扩容对外疏解通道,满足近远期交通需求;加强交通管理,设置潮汐车道等规划策略.并对交通策...     

大客车翻滚安全性有限元分析

利用LS-DYNA软件建立了包括前、后蒙皮和挡风玻璃且以壳单元为主的整车有限元模型,以及翻转平台、撞击面和乘员生存空间有限元模型。分别进行了左翻和右翻两种情况的数值模拟计算。结果表明,该客车车身骨架和生存空间没有发生相互穿透,其翻滚安全性符合ECER66法规中的规定。     

基于《电动客车安全技术条件》的客车侧碰试验研究

为了分析《电动客车安全技术条件》中客车侧面碰撞乘员保护试验方法的可行性,文章依据标准进行了客车侧面碰撞试验。通过分析侧面碰撞假人损伤情况,得到该试验方法无法复现乘员损伤较严重的客车撞客车侧面碰撞工况。通过分析试验车辆加速度曲线得到加速度传感器布置点,为客车侧面碰撞中乘员保护试验方法研究打下了基础。