Variation of households<Emphasis Type="Bold">’</Emphasis> car ownership across time: application of a panel data model

For economic and environmental policy formulation and with the effort of creating less car dependent societies, it is important to study the changing characteristics of car ownership in a household through time as well as factors responsible of these variations. There is a vast body of literature on empirical studies of car ownership and use. These studies have investigated the socio-economic background of the decision maker, the built environment and the perception associated with owning a car as determinant factors of car ownership and use. In most cases, these analyses have been carried out using cross-sectional data sets. However, the analysis of factors determining changes in travel behavior of an individual or household requires information on their behavior over time (longitudinal data set). In this study, the German Mobility Panel (1996–2006) is used to examine variation of car ownership through time and across households. The panel data modeling results showed that there are variations of car ownership between households whereas changes in car ownership of a given household over time (within household variations) are insignificant. The influence of other factors such as the households’ socio-economic background, the availability of public transportation and shopping/leisure facilities, perception on parking difficulties and satisfaction with existing public transportation services on the car owning characteristics of households is also presented and discussed in this paper.

一种侧撞试验台的方案设计

侧撞试验台是一种新近出现的成本较低、研究车辆在侧面碰撞中车门侧面结构耐撞性及侧面内饰和侧面安全气囊对乘员保护作用的部件试验台。本文研究了实车侧面碰撞中车门的速度特征以及乘员的伤害情况,并在此基础上提出了一套结构简单、成本较低、可以实现的侧撞试验台方案,对台车进行了结构设计,最后在动力学和运动学上验证了该方案的可行性。     

车身碰撞仿真技术在红旗轿车车身开发中的应用

汽车被动安全国内研究大多集中在实车检测方面。本文介绍了红旗轿车车身开发中应用高度非线性有限元方法对车身结构碰撞历程进行数值仿真研究工作的概况。通过对基本结构件的研究弄清计算方法和参数,通过对车身主要吸能结构元件仿真计算研究,找出合理的技术参数,为全车身碰撞计算提供依据。在这些工作基础上成功地进行了红旗轿车车身碰撞计算。与实车碰撞实验结果相比,吻合较好,对红旗轿车前纵梁组件不同设计结构方案能量吸收性     

提高车辆减速器运用质量 满足铁路运输安全需要

对车辆减速器出口处发生脱线事故的原因进行系统分析,并提出改进的措施,通过实践验证措施的正确性,供减速器设计、维护及管理人员参考。     

基于仿真分析的汽车座椅鞭打性能研究和优化

针对某款轻型客车的手动八向主驾座椅的座椅鞭打试验结果进行改进,通过各个零件的材质替换和结构改进,成功提升了伤害考核指标中的评分,文章着重对仿真分析结果进行分析比较,对不合理的结构进行优化设计,取得明显的改善效果,为整车的被动安全性能提供了足够的支撑。     

铁路散堆装货物运输撒漏优化对策探讨

铁路发送散堆装货物运量较大,极易发生散堆装货物撒漏问题,造成击打列车、损坏铁路沿线行车设备的安全事故。为保障铁路散堆装货物运输安全,以北京局集团公司为例,阐述散堆装货物运输及防撒漏措施,针对散堆装货物运输存在的撒漏问题,从人员、车辆、作业方面深入分析散堆装货物运输撒漏的原因,有针对性地从改进作业标准和流程、提高业务能力与管理水平、严格安全监督检查和考核等方面提出改善散堆装货物运输撒漏的对策,以减少因散堆装货物运输撒漏造成的各种不良影响,不断提高铁路运输质量。     

Consumer intentions for alternative fuelled and autonomous vehicles: A segmentation analysis across six countries

Rapid advances in the development of autonomous and alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs) are likely to transform the future of mobility and could bring benefits such as improved road safety and lower emissions. Achieving these potential benefits requires widespread consumer support for these disruptive technologies. To date, research to explore consumer perceptions of transport innovations has tended to consider them in isolation (e.g., driverless cars, electric vehicles). The current paper examines the predictors of consumer interest in and willing to pay for both AFVs and autonomous vehicles through a choice experiment conducted in six diverse markets: Germany, India, Japan, Sweden, UK and US. Using Latent Class Discrete Choice Models, we observe significant heterogeneity both within and across the country samples. For example, while Japanese consumers are generally willing to pay for autonomous vehicles, in most European countries, consumers need to be compensated for automation. Within countries, though, we found some segments – typically, those with a university degree, and self-identifying as having a pro-environmental identity and as being innovators– are more in favour of automation. Significantly, we also found that support for autonomous vehicles is associated with support for AFVs, perhaps, due to common demographic or socio-psychological predictors of both types of innovative technology. These findings are valuable for policymakers and the automotive industry in identifying potential early adopters, as well as consumer segments or cultures less convinced to adopt these innovative transport technologies.     

丰田佳美轿车安全气囊系统的维修

日本丰田佳美94型轿车安全气囊的触发由电控模块根据碰撞传感器的信号进行控制。使用中若安全气囊系统发生故障,其自诊断电路可存贮并显示故障代码。修理时可提取故障代码,按代码进行检查与维修。若无故障代码但有故障征兆,则可按故障征兆进行检修;若故障代码时有时无,则可按间断故障进行检修。     

红旗CA7220轿车白车身刚度分析

用有限元法对红旗ＣＡ７２２０轿车白车身的扭转刚度和弯曲刚度进行了研究，采用３节点或４节点空间板壳单元离散整个白车身，建立了细化力学模型。从轻质量，高刚度角度出发，找出对整个白车刚度影响比较敏感的零部件；并综合考虑各因素，提出提高刚度的方案。     

轿车用汽油机最新研究动向

】能源和环境污染是近年来倍受关注的问题，世界各国对轿车用汽油发动机的燃烧技术进行了更为细致的研究。在车用发动机朝着缸内直喷和稀薄燃烧的方向发展的形势下，涌现出了大量新兴的研究课题。本文概述了轿车用汽油机的最新进展，介绍了在汽油发动机上所进行的前沿研究动向。