大城市配送难的核心问题及策略

大城市配送难问题极难解决,现有研究在量化分析以及作用机理方面稍显不足。从问题定义及城市配送网络的结构认识入手,以中国4个直辖市和15个副省级城市为研究对象,针对人口和商业密度、城市配送量等需求因素以及物流设施规划与布局、城市交通资源承载力、货运交通管理等供给因素,揭示中国大城市配送难问题的形成原因。基于城市配送需求与供给能力的动态演变过程,解析城市配送难问题的作用机理。最后,从强化需求管理、创新城市配送组织模式、改进货运交通管理、完善城市配送体系等方面提出缓解策略。     

基于随机需求的配送环节平稳工作状态研究

分析了描述配送中心配送过程中各关键状态的一系列随机变量,构造了描述在运输车辆离开时刻配送中心内部待运货物数量变化情况的一步转移概率矩阵。根据马尔可夫链和母函数的性质,在假设订单到达服从泊松分布的条件下,推导出保证配送中心处于稳态工作状态的充分条件和必要条件,认为如果能保证顺次相邻两运输车辆离开配送中心的间隔时间的均值小于运输车辆最大装载量与货物运送需求到达配送中心强度的比值,则系统中不会出现待运货物数量无穷多的现象。     

考虑运输碳税与质量承诺的多式联运路径优化

保证服务质量和控制联运成本是多式联运经营者在进行联运路径决策时考虑的主要目标。基于运输碳税征收的假设,探究同时考虑运输碳税和服务质量承诺对集装箱多式联运经营者决策联运路径的影响。将运输过程中不同交通工具的碳排放内化为联运经营者的运输碳税成本,对服务质量的承诺主要考虑运到时限和货物完好程度2个关键质量指标,引入模糊运到时间与随机货损率2个表征变量,将运到时限承诺内化为运到时间补偿成本,将货物完好程度承诺内化为货损补偿成本,二者共同构成质量损失补偿成本。以此为基础,构建由运输成本、中转成本、碳税成本和质量损失补偿成本构成的多式联运总成本最小的联运路径优化模型,设计遗传算法进行求解。以中国17个城市节点和铁路、公路、水运3种运输方式构成的多式联运网络为算例网络,对比分析有、无碳税征收2种情形下不同运到时限和货物完好程度承诺等级对多式联运路径选择的影响。研究结果显示,在相同质量承诺等级下,碳税征收情形下模型选择的联运路径总碳排放量均较少。在满足同一运到时限承诺下,随着货物完好程度承诺等级的降低,碳税征收使公路运输比例降低、铁路和水路运输比例增大,货损成本略有增加,联运总成本下降明显。研究案例表...     

城市轨道交通网络单程票卡调配模型

城市轨道交通单程票卡调配是票务组织中的重要组成部分.针对路网票务中心与线路票务中心间票卡调配问题,将其转化为载重能力约束条件下的车辆路径优化问题(Vehicle Routing Problem,VRP),构建以配送成本最小化为目标,以配送车辆路径为决策变量的优化模型,并采用遗传算法求解.以北京市轨道交通网络为对象进行实证分析,结果显示:所构建方法相比单次配送过程,成本平均降低约49.6%;相比既有装卸混合条件下的配送过程,成本降低约18.7%,验证了模型的准确性与有效性.所构建方法能够有效解决轨道交通路网层票卡调配问题,为票务组织提供理论和方法支持.     

二七长江大桥2号试桩承载力自平衡测试研究

采用自平衡试桩法对二七长江大桥2号试桩进行测试,试验采集了桩身应力、荷载箱位移等数据,并采用改进荷载传递函数转换法等效转换成传统静载下的桩顶荷载及相应沉降,确定试桩单桩极限承载力.     

大型输水钢管下穿兰新客运专线方案研究

兰州市水源地建设工程彭家坪支线输水隧洞下穿兰新客运专线马耳山沟中桥,该工程须考虑桥下净空、管道桥线型、结构布置等问题。为了使管道桥下穿既有马耳山沟中桥既满足小半径反向曲线线型要求,又满足既有桥下净空和行洪要求,通过方案比选最终选择了对既有铁路运营影响最小的槽型连续弯梁方案,解决了上述关键技术难题。技术方案顺利通过审查并实施,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

蛙人运载装备体系发展现状及关键技术

蛙人运载装备是海军特种部队的新型武器装备,在二次世界大战后受到各国广泛重视。首先对近年来国外蛙人运载装备体系包含的小型蛙人推进装置(DPV)、湿式蛙人输送艇(SDV)、干甲板掩蔽舱(DDS)以及大型干式蛙人运载器(ASDS)的研制现状进行综述,然后详细列举了现阶段蛙人运载装备的关键技术。     

Comparison of energy demands of drone-based and ground-based parcel delivery services

Drones are one of the most intensively studied technologies in logistics in recent years. They combine technological features matching current trends in transport industry and society like autonomy, flexibility, and agility. Among the various concepts for using drones in logistics, parcel delivery is one of the most popular application scenarios. Companies like Amazon test drones particularly for last-mile delivery intending to achieve both reducing total cost and increasing customer satisfaction by fast deliveries. As drones are electric vehicles, they are also often claimed to be an eco-friendly mean of transportation.In this paper an energy consumption model for drones is proposed to describe the energy demand for drone deliveries depending on environmental conditions and the flight pattern. The model is used to simulate the energy demand of a stationary parcel delivery system which serves a set customers from a depot. The energy consumed by drones is compared to the energy demand of Diesel trucks and electric trucks serving the same customers from the same depot.The results indicate that switching to a solely drone-based parcel delivery system is not worthwhile from an energetic perspective in most scenarios. A stationary drone-based parcel delivery system requires more energy than a truck-based parcel delivery system particularly in urban areas where customer density is high and truck tours are comparatively short. In rather rural settings with long distances between customers, a drone-based parcel delivery system creates an energy demand comparable to a parcel delivery system with electric trucks provided environmental conditions are moderate.     

Modelling energy consumption of electric freight vehicles in urban pickup/delivery operations: analysis and estimation on a real-world dataset

Electric Freight Vehicles (EFVs) are a promising and increasingly popular alternative to conventional trucks in urban pickup/delivery operations. A key concerned research topic is to develop trip-based Tank-to-Wheel (TTW) analyses/models for EFVs energy consumption: notably, there are just a few studies in this area. Leveraging an earlier research on passenger electric vehicles, this paper aims at filling this gap by proposing a microscopic backward highly-resolved power-based EFVs energy consumption model (EFVs-ECM). The model is estimated and validated against real-world data, collected on a fleet of five EFVs in the city centre of Rome, for a total of 144 observed trips between subsequent pickup/delivery stops. Different model specifications are tested and contrasted, with promising results, in line with previous findings on electric passenger vehicles.     

深水航道BIM设计成果交付平台研发与应用

针对深水航道BIM应用存在多源数据文件格式难以统一、大范围场景与小型构件并存难以展现、成果交付效率低下等问题,进行深水航道工程BIM设计成果交付平台的研究。采用统一建模标准、轻量化BIM模型、开发应用平台等方法,解决了该类工程成果交付难的问题。研究成果表明深水航道较其他工程更具专业独特性,须定制适合其专业模型特征与特性展示方式的BIM应用平台,方能实现基础设施领域深水航道BIM设计成果的有效交付。研究成果已应用于连云港港30万吨级航道二期工程并取得良好效果,为该行业BIM全流程的后续应用打下理论基础。