Personal tradable carbon permits for road transport: Why, why not and who wins?

Personal road transport sector poses a significant challenge in reducing carbon emissions. This paper evaluates a policy approach known as personal tradable carbon permits to reduce carbon emissions from personal vehicles. The policy is a downstream tradable permit where individuals are allocated carbon emission caps. The policy is qualitatively evaluated in the context of carbon taxes and some upstream tradable permit options. The biggest disadvantage of such a policy is the initial set up costs. Personal tradable permits, however, are more effective than carbon taxes and are also capable of stabilizing the gasoline prices faced by the consumers when the underlying oil prices fluctuate. Since equity effects are often a concern to policy makers, the effect of such personal carbon permits on the distribution of burden is quantified in a partial equilibrium framework for the US population. Different permit allocation strategies are investigated in this regard. Using US consumer expenditure survey data, and incorporating a differentiated price response for different households, we find that all three allocation strategies considered are progressive: a per adult based allocation is the most progressive, a per vehicle allocation nearer to proportional, and a per capita allocation in between the two. Personal tradable permits therefore take care of equity concerns directly through the design of the policy.     

LiOH药粒的粉尘抑制技术现状与展望

LiOH是密闭空间中一种重要的CO2吸收剂。针对LiOH药粒在使用过程中易产生刺激性粉尘的缺点,本文主要介绍了几种LiOH药粒粉尘抑制技术的技术原理,分析了各种技术的主要特点,展望了LiOH粉尘抑制技术的研究前景。     

LTIA碳电极的临床应用及电性能对比

经表面活化处理的各向同性碳(LTIA)心脏起搏电极具有优异的电性能,这已经通过模拟实验、动物实验证明。本文报告LTIA碳心脏起搏电极的临床应用情况,并对比了LTIA碳电极与铂电极在手术中所测得的各项电性能参数,结果表明:LTIA碳电极具有起搏阈值低、感知性能好、容易定位等特性。     

汽油含碳量与汽油密度的关系模型

测定汽油含碳量是碳平衡法检测汽车油耗的一个重要环节,但现有的测定方法非常复杂。本文提出了汽油单位体积含碳量的概念,建立了汽油单位体积含碳量与汽油密度之间的数学模型,可通过测量汽油密度,快速得知汽油含碳量,从而为碳平衡法测油耗应用于汽车检测线提供了依据。     

从梁理论浅析碳纤维布提高梁抗弯承载力的力学原理

本文依据材料力学和钢筋混凝土结构设计原理中的梁理论,分析了碳纤维布提高梁抗弯承载力的力学原理,指出在碳纤维布(CFRP)满足强度要求的前提下,碳纤维布与混凝土之间的剪切强度是控制梁提高抗弯承载能力的因素,提出了碳纤维布粘贴长度的计算方法。     

碳纤维布抗剪加固钢筋混凝土梁设计计算方法

为完善公路钢筋混凝土桥梁抗剪加固设计理论,针对我国《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG D62-2004)的要求,建立了基于Schnerch有效应变模型的抗剪加固梁斜截面受剪承载力计算方法,设计参数包括混凝土强度等级、斜截面内箍筋配筋率、碳纤维布加固率、粘贴形式及碳纤维布粘贴角度等。计算值与试验值的对比结果表明,所提抗剪加固计算公式具有较强的实用性和较高的可靠性,可用于公路钢筋混凝土桥梁的抗剪加固设计。     

碳纤维复合材料传动轴临界转速分析

介绍了碳纤维增强的复合材料汽车传动轴临界转速的2种计算方法：理论公式法和有限元计算法。并将两者的结果进行比较,证明了有限元分析的可信性,为碳纤维在汽车中的应用提供了依据。     

Environmental rail charges in Europe: a review

European legislation implies the use of marginal social cost pricing in rail access charges levied on rail operators. Thus, they may include specific environmental charges to internalise the impacts of rail transport. However, when applying these principles in practice, several difficulties call for second-best settings adapted to the particularities of the rail market. In this context, few European railway administrations are already implementing rail access charges with an environmental dimension. This paper reviews the literature on the issue and assesses the current European experience in noise and air pollution rail charges. For this purpose, an analytical framework is built on the definition of four basic dimensions: charging approach, allocation of abatement efforts, degree of differentiation and intermodal approach. The qualitative examination of the existing systems suggests that the level of environmental surcharges can be generally increased given the low substitutability between rail and road and that the range of abatement possibilities should be enlarged by further differentiating charges. It is also found that the pricing scope should be adapted to achieve particular cost-efficient allocations of abatement efforts among rail operators and upstream agents. Finally, further research requirements for a quantitative assessment are defined.     

基于营运数据的船舶能效分析及预测

为应对航运业日益严苛的温室气体减排要求,提出一种计算船舶实际营运性能的方法,并基于该方法实现对营运能效的分析和预测。以某大型集装箱船为研究对象,对其在2021年前2个月的营运数据进行分析。结果表明：该船的实际性能相比设计值降低约11.2%,通过采取坞修和调整船舶营运工况等措施能有效提高船舶的营运能效指数;通过对该船的营运能效进行预测,可给出提高船舶碳排放强度等级的具体措施,为船舶能效管理计划的制订提供参考。     

电动赛车轻量化材料车身设计及分析

为某电动赛车设计轻量化材料车身,通过对车身的三维建模,以及综合运用有限元模态分析技术,选用不同材料,优化车身结构,对整车车身的轻量化进行了较为深入的研究.通过文章的研究,对电动赛车车身在材料运用上提供了理论基础与技术支撑,与传统电动赛车的车身重量相比,车身重量大幅降低.