控制轿车加油排放的ORVR技术综述

针对安装在轿车油箱上的控制加油排放的车载加油蒸气回收装置(ORVR)进行研究,并且将ORVR与二级汽油回收系统(StageⅡ)的控制排放效果进行比较,结果表明,采用ORVR技术的控制效果更好,而且成本低,有必要全面实施ORVR控制系统。     

燃用不同地区燃油时过量空气系数对汽车发动机排放性能影响的分析

首先分析了我国7大地区燃油组分的特点;然后着重选用西南地区和华中地区的燃油进行发动机试验,适当调整过量空气系数,测试其CO、CO2、HC和NOx等排放的变化.结果表明基于不同地区燃油芳烃、烯烃组分的特点,适当调整过量空气系数,可使发动机的排放有所降低.     

The trade-off between trips and distance traveled in analyzing the emissions impacts of center-based telecommuting

Several travel indicators were compared between telecommuting (TC) days and non-telecommuting days for a sample of 72 center-based telecommuters in California. Distance traveled decreased significantly on TC days, with average reductions of 51 person-miles (58%) and 35 vehicle-miles (53%). When weighted by telecommuting frequency, average reductions of 11.9% in PMT and 11.5% in VMT were found over a five-day work week. Person-trips and vehicle-trips increased slightly (but not significantly) on TC days. This was due to statistically significant increases in commute trips by telecommuters (who more often went home for lunch on their TC days), partly counteracted by decreases in non-commute travel. The drive-alone mode share increased on TC days, both for all trips, and for commute trips in particular. Walking and biking shares also increased modestly on TC days, whereas shares of transit and ridesharing declined. Despite the increase in trip rates, TC-day reductions were found for all pollutants analyzed: 15% for total organic gas emissions, 21% for carbon monoxide, 35% for oxides of nitrogen, and 51% for particulate matter. The reduction in VMT more than compensated for the marginal increase in number of trips (and consequently, cold starts) on telecommuting days.     

碳纤维复合材料与铝合金连接方式选型研究

多材料混合车身设计是汽车轻量化的重要手段,其中铝和碳纤维的连接是轻量化车身结构设计和工艺装配面临的挑战.研究了SPR、FDR、抽芯铆钉3种连接方式及结构胶应用于碳纤维复合材料和铝合金异种材料的连接,测定了连接结构的剪切和十字拉伸性能,分析了连接方式和结构胶对力学性能和失效模式的影响,旨在指导碳纤维复合材料连接设计与选择...     

CO2腐蚀影响因素研究

CO2对井下、地面设备及管道会产生不同程度的腐蚀作用,造成经济损失和环境污染。详细介绍了影响腐蚀速率的各种因素,包括环境因素、物理因素及材料因素,最后结合实际可知,CO2分压、温度、pH值、腐蚀膜特性、流速、合金情况是主要的腐蚀影响因素。     

基于传统动力源的重型商用车减碳技术

在全球能源危机和温室效应加剧的大环境下,中国向世界承诺减碳目标：2030年前力争实现碳达峰,2060年前力争实现碳中和。作为节能减排的重点,重型商用车的减碳成效是“双碳”征程中的关键。重点介绍基于传统动力源的重型商用车减碳技术,包括内燃机燃烧、低摩擦、智能变速、轻量化、混合动力等技术在内的动力总成领域,以及包括天然气、含氧燃料、氢氨燃料在内的先进燃料领域。通过不同领域的技术发展以及优势互补,更加高效、低碳、清洁的内燃机仍将在重型商用车领域持续发挥重要作用。     

环境可持续集装箱班轮运输管理研究综述

集装箱班轮运输业如何在追求成本经济性和服务可靠性的同时做好环境可持续性,对航运企业、港口运营商以及政府组织都提出了新的挑战。围绕集装箱班轮运输在环境层面实现可持续发展的目标,本文分别从战略、战术和运营等3个层面就措施、技术和规章制度等所做的研究进行文献综述、分析发展趋势。战略层面,从市场减排机制和政策的制定、绿色政策、...     

降低交通排放的干线协调信号控制优化方法

为降低干线道路系统的交通排放量,基于机动车比功率改进红绿灯期间排放因子的标定方法,进而以相位有效绿灯时间为决策变量,构建使机动车排放总量最小化的干线交叉口群时空资源优化模型.分析相邻交叉口间车队延误与相位差的关系,改进以车队延误最小为目标的相位差优化模型.为验证模型,设计一个案例,根据传统方法获得参考配时方案,借助Vissim软件标定红绿灯期间的排放因子,并使用所提方法获得优化配时方案.结果显示,每种污染物绿灯期间的排放因子均明显高于红灯期间;与参考配时方案相比,优化配时方案下各交叉口车辆延误和排放量均减少8~11%.所提模型能同时降低干线交叉口群的车辆延误和交通排放量,可用于优化干线协调信号控制方案,进而缓解交通拥堵.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in South Africa and Lesotho between 2000 and 2009

Road transport is the major source of global greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector, contributing about three quarters towards the total transport emissions. This study used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 2 approach to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in South Africa and Lesotho between 2000 and 2009. Key transport emitting sources, trend analysis and modal intensities were determined for the two countries. For South Africa, provincial road transport emissions were calculated from the number of vehicles by vehicle type and distance travelled. Calculations were at a national level in Lesotho. Road transport carbon dioxide equivalent emissions were estimated at 43.5 million tonnes in South Africa and 0.28 million tonnes in Lesotho in 2009. Motorcars and trucks produced 70.6% of the total road transport emissions in South Africa. Road transport emissions increased by approximately 2.6% per year between 2000 and 2009 in South Africa, while they increased by approximately 2.5% per annum in Lesotho over the same period. Gauteng province had the highest emissions, contributing approximately a third of total road transport emissions in South Africa; while the Northern Cape contributed only 2%. Minibus taxis were the most efficient transport mode on the basis of load carried. The Northern Cape had the highest emissions per passenger-kilometres and tonne-kilometre while the North West had the lowest. Trend assessment showed that emissions from trucks increased rapidly while emissions from other modes of transport decreased over the study period.     

Carbon dioxide emissions from port container distribution: Spatial characteristics and driving factors

Port carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in China have become an ever-increasing public concern due to their significant impacts on human health and the environment. However, existing studies focus mainly on CO₂ emissions from vessels calling at the ports and cargo handling within the ports, paying little attention to the inland distribution networks. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an easily implemented method for calculating CO₂ emissions from port container distribution (PCD) and investigates their spatial characteristics and driving factors. By analyzing 30 container ports in China, the main findings are as follows. First, road transportation is the major contributor of CO₂ emissions from PCD due to the lack of rail and inland water transportation. Second, PCD carbon emissions exhibit significant local spatial clustering. That is, ports with similar geographical locations tend to present a similar pattern of PCD carbon emissions. Third, as suggested by the spatial Durbin model, PCD carbon emissions are negatively determined by local gross domestic product, number of port berths, but are positively determined by local tertiary industry value and highway freight volume, and waterway freight volume in both local and neighboring ports. These results provide empirical insights into cross-port collaboration in reducing PCD carbon emissions.