全文获取类型
收费全文 | 537篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
专业分类
公路运输 | 119篇 |
综合类 | 96篇 |
水路运输 | 71篇 |
铁路运输 | 18篇 |
综合运输 | 253篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 43篇 |
2015年 | 55篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 43篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 25篇 |
2007年 | 27篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有557条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
61.
The Arabian Sea exhibits a complex pattern of biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, which vary both seasonally and spatially. These dynamics have been studied using a one-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic model coupled to a complex ecosystem model, simulating the annual cycle at three contrasting stations. These stations are characterised by seasonally upwelling, mixed-layer-deepening and a-seasonal oligotrophic conditions, respectively, and coincide with extensively measured stations on the two JGOFS ARABESQUE cruises in 1994. The model reproduces many spatial and temporal trends in production, biomass, physical and chemical properties, both qualitatively and quantitatively and so gives insight into the main mechanisms responsible for the biogeochemical and ecological complexity. Monsoonal systems are typified by classical food web dynamics, whilst intermonsoonal and oligotrophic systems are dominated by the microbial loop. The ecosystem model (ERSEM), developed for temperate regions, is found to be applicable to the Arabian Sea system with little reparameterisation. Differences in in-situ physical forcing are sufficient to recreate contrasting eutrophic and oligotrophic systems, although the lack of lateral terms are probably the greatest source of error in the model. Physics, nutrients, light and grazing are all shown to play a role in controlling production and community structure. Small-celled phytoplanktons are predicted to be dominant and sub-surface chlorophyll maxima are robust centers of production during intermonsoon periods. Analysis of carbon fluxes indicate that physically driven outgassing of CO2 predominates in monsoonal upwelling systems but ecological activity may significantly moderate CO2 outgassing in the Arabian Sea interior. 相似文献
62.
����·��ͨ���������ƵĻ�������Ⱦ�����ŷ������Ż��о� 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着城市机动车保有量的逐年增加,汽车尾气排放已成为许多大城市空气的主要污染源。以一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)和碳氢化合物(HC)为评价因子,基于单车排放因子与车速之间的关系、交通流三参数的关系,建立了路段总排放量与车速、车型比例、交通量三个因素之间的数学模型。运用非线性规划理论,建立了以路段通行能力为主要约束条件,以污染物排放量最小为目标的最优化模型,以及求解算法。通过实例证明,通过调控路段上车型构成来调控实际交通量的大小,间接地调控行驶车速,进行排放量控制的方法是可行的。 相似文献
63.
64.
65.
交通拥堵和交通污染问题是近年来引人关注的问题,特别是交通碳减排已成为发达国家碳减排的重点领域,而优先发展公交系统对解决上述问题具有重大的现实意义。在总结和阐述公交优先发展的内涵和意义的基础上,以清远市公交系统为研究对象,总结和分析了"公交优先"战略下清远市公交发展现状和问题,提出了清远市公交优先发展的思路与具体做法,并根据现有情况规划了三种不同水平的公交优先发展情景方案,计算了三种方案下二氧化碳的排放量。结果显示:公交很高吸引力的方案比一般吸引力的方案每年少排二氧化碳38.9万t,年度减排直接效益为2 723万元,节约能源的直接效益为12.5亿元。最后提出了清远市公交优先发展的政策建议。 相似文献
66.
针对汽车车型种类日益繁多,交通污染日益严重的问题,目前划分车型的依据多而杂。文中从汽车能源的角度划分车型,提出根据控制车型的拥有量来控制二氧化碳的排放,并建立模型计算碳排放量。从能源与环保角度,提出发展新型能源汽车,尤其是纯电动汽车,是必然的趋势,并给出了控制多车型发展的建议。 相似文献
67.
68.
Ships of opportunity have been used to investigate ocean–atmosphere CO2 fluxes in the English Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea. Continuous underway measurements of the fugacity of seawater carbon dioxide (fCO2sw), chlorophyll, temperature and salinity have been performed along 26 transects during the spring and autumn periods. The spatial fCO2sw distribution along the Channel and Southern Bight is modulated by the photosynthetic activity, temperature changes and water mixing between inputs from the North Atlantic Ocean and riverine discharges. The seasonal variability of fCO2sw is assessed and discussed in terms of the biology and temperature effects, these having similar impacts. The variation of fCO2sw shows similar interannual patterns, with lower values in spring. The annual average of air–sea CO2 fluxes places the English Channel as neutral area of CO2 uptake. The spring and autumn data allow differentiating between distal and proximal continental areas. The Southern Bight shows a tendency towards net CO2 uptake on the distal continental shelf, whereas the Scheldt and Thames Plumes show a CO2 source behaviour on the proximal continental shelves. 相似文献
69.
CO2减排是国际关注的热点问题。将CO2注入地下地质构造永久封存是CO2减排的有效途径。挪威Sleipner气田盐水层CO2封存工程是世界上第一个完全为了对CO2进行地质封存而实施的商业项目,为CO2的海上捕集、地质存储及其监测提供了极其宝贵的经验。详细介绍Sleipner气田海上平台MDEA法天然气分离CO2技术及CO2高压密相回注工艺,为我国南海莺歌海盆地天然气田伴生二氧化碳的埋存和利用提供参考。 相似文献
70.
Igor P. Semiletov Irina I. Pipko Irina Repina Natalia E. Shakhova 《Journal of Marine Systems》2007,66(1-4):204
Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and other non-CO2 radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO2 concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO2. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO2 balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only 4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO2 exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO2 because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO2; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO2 sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO2 budget. Both the direction and amount of CO2 transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO2 accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO2 decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO2 sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO2 ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO2 range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources. 相似文献