柴油机颗粒排放的控制策略

分析柴油机颗粒排放的组成、危害及生成机理;介绍为达到欧Ⅳ标准,国内外目前在柴油机结构、燃油、机油和排放后处理等方面采取的控制策略。     

基于SVR的区域交通碳排放预测研究

基于STIRPAT模型,选择旅客周转量、货物周转量、人均GDP、机动车保有量、碳排放强度、能源结构和城市化率7项指标作为我国区域交通碳排放影响因素,建立基于支持向量回归机的碳排放预测模型,并以1990-2016年北京市交通碳排放相关数据为基础数据做实例分析.结果表明：训练样本交叉验证均方误差仅为 0.008 040,得到参数C和γ的最优值;模型预测值与真实值的拟合回归效果良好,训练集和测试集的相关系数分别为0.984 2和0.995 0,即模型具有良好的学习和推广能力;未来区域交通碳排放增长趋势逐渐变缓,但总量将继续呈上升趋势,社会仍然面临较大的温室气体减排压力.     

同步环用碳纤维复合材料的摩擦学特性评价及研究

根据我国制定的同步环摩擦材料的试验室评价方法和规范,对3种同步环用碳纤维复合材料进行了摩擦学特性研究。结果表明,碳纤维复合材料具有优良的摩擦学特性,其性能与碳纤维形态特性、材料孔隙率及添加材料的性能密切相关,但其组成和织构的差异对摩擦学特性有较大影响,因此在设计和生产中必须进行摩擦学特性评价试验。     

CFRP圆柱螺旋弹簧强度预测理论及仿真

针对实心结构形式的碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)圆柱螺旋弹簧进行了建模分析,明确了相关的设计参数,提出了碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧的强度预测理论,并进行了算例分析.将理论预测结果与仿真结果进行了比较,结果表明,理论预测值与仿真值的误差较小,该预测理论可用于碳纤维复合材料圆柱螺旋弹簧的强度设计中.     

Maritime logistics as an emerging discipline

The evolution of maritime logistics as an emerging discipline has resulted, to a large extent, from the increasing and varied demands of shippers and customers and the rapidly changing role of ports in the context of supply and logistics chains. Scholars are becoming increasingly aware of the need to integrate logistics and supply chain management concepts in the maritime transportation chain and operations. This article aims to provide a review and foundation for understanding the domain of maritime logistics and to assess its potential as an emerging discipline. To do so, a framework for understanding the various aspects of maritime logistics strategy and implementation is developed. A synthesis of the existing knowledge on maritime logistics is done by integrating diverse explorations forming the basis of this framework. We draw upon the literature on maritime transport and ports and primarily theliterature that analyses concepts by adopting an economic or management perspective.     

水下自航器用锂／二氧化锰电池组的散热处理

大型锂/二氧化锰电池组作为水下自航器的动力电源,以中高倍率电流工作时,会产生大量的废热,若不及时将废热传递至外界环境（海水）时,将对电池组的安全性产生恶劣影响。文中分析了锂/二氧化锰电池的热源和电池组的传热过程,并测量了电池的热功率,通过模拟电池组的废热功率探索了散热处理方法对电池组温度的影响。在水下自航器用锂/二氧化锰电池组设计时,采用综合散热处理方法能够合理控制电池组的温度,且有一定的温度冗余量。     

High-speed rail's potential for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from short haul aviation: a longitudinal study of modal substitution from an energy generation and renewable energy perspective

Abstract

This paper quantifies and evaluates, utilising a ‘bottom-up’ approach, the effect on CO₂ emissions of a modal shift from short-haul air travel to high-speed rail (HSR), based on projected passenger movements, between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia during the period 2010–2030. To date, peer-reviewed studies assessing the CO₂ emissions from these competing modes of high-speed transportation have been restricted principally to a cross-sectional assessment, with a Eurocentric bias. This present comparative study seeks to address a gap in the literature by assessing, longitudinally, the CO₂ emissions associated with the proposed operation of HSR against the ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario between Sydney and Melbourne. Under the assumed 50/50 modal shift, and the Australian government's current renewable electricity target, an annual reduction in CO₂ emissions of approximately 14% could be achieved when compared with a ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario. This percentage reduction represents a 62 kt reduction in base year, 2010, and a 114 kt reduction in the final year, 2030. In total, the overall reduction achieved by such a modal shift, under the assumed conditions, during the period 2010–2030, equates to approximately 1.87 Mt of CO₂. Importantly, if the electrical energy supply for HSR operations was further ‘decarbonised’, then it follows that a greater emission reduction would be achieved.     

A simulation of transit bus emissions along an urban corridor: Evaluating changes under various service improvement strategies

This study investigates the impacts of transit improvement strategies on bus emissions along a busy corridor in Montreal, Canada. The local transit provider, Société de Transport de Montréal, has implemented a number of strategies which include the use of smart cards, limited-stop (express bus) service, and reserved bus lanes along this corridor. Using data collected on-board for instantaneous speeds and stop-level ridership, we estimated bus emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants at three levels: road segment, bus-stop, and per passenger. A regression of segment-level emissions against a number of explanatory variables reveals that reserved bus lanes and express bus service reduce emissions significantly. On the other hand, smart card use reduces idling emissions compared to other fare payment methods. Our findings are of most relevance for transit planners who are seeking to implement different strategies to reduce emissions and improve transit performance.     

城市公路隧道二氧化氮浓度控制及通风方案研究

在含有二氧化氮（NO2）的环境中,过高的二氧化氮浓度对人体的危害很大,但在公路隧道设计规范中,却没有对二氧化氮浓度排放标准进行规定。为了保证城市公路隧道行驶机动车内人的健康、卫生和隧道的营运安全,以某隧道（620m）工程为例,结合隧道智能监控系统数据分析,提出在城市公路隧道内二氧化氮浓度的排放限值,以及相应的通风方案,为城市公路隧道监控系统软件设计提供参考。     

机动车尾气污染对居民出行选择的影响

机动车尾气排放造成的空气污染对人体健康的危害逐渐被医学界证实。城市居民选择交通工具以及出行路线时,道路机动车尾气污染会影响其选择行为。文中通过居民出行问卷调查证实部分出行者会采取规避行为降低机动车尾气污染对个人健康的危害,建立表征出行者与污染气体接触程度的曝露指数模型,通过数据拟合建立增量时间转化模型,以出行时间增加值的形式定量得到机动车尾气污染对居民出行的影响程度,对离散选择模型的效用函数进行了修正,并给出了算例。