车道拥挤收费与信号控制组合优化模型研究

针对设有公交专用车道的城市道路,在交通过饱和状态下,为了提高道路通行能力,允许私家车以收费模式驶入公交专用车道,以缓解交通拥堵,建立了基于拥挤收费的交通信号控制模型.模型分别计算了公交专用车道和常规车道的行程时间及相关联交叉口的总体排队延误,另外对公交专用车道设置了临界密度.该模型在保证公交专用车道交通服务水平的前提下使所有车道的路段行程时间及路口排队时间最短,最后利用遗传算法和VISSIM仿真相结合对模型进行了求解.结果显示了车道拥挤收费和信号控制组合优化模型的有效性,降低了车辆排队延误.     

公交专用道运营效果评价方法研究

本文采用数据驱动的方法对公交专用道的运营效果评价研究进行了深入探析,通过实例分析,运用层次分析法,选取重庆长江大桥段公交专用道进行公交运营效果评价研究,根据实际情况,选取公交、社会车辆、社会经济等三个系统建立评价指标体系,构建评价分析模型。最后,对不同情境下的公交专用道运营效果展开对比分析,论证公交专用道的实施所带来的不同效益,从而为公交专用道发展研究起到一定的促进作用。     

Evaluation of exclusive bus lanes in a bi-modal degradable road network

In this paper, we proposed an evaluation method of exclusive bus lanes (EBLs) in a bi-modal degradable road network with car and bus transit modes. Link travel time with and without EBLs for two modes is analyzed with link stochastic degradation. Furthermore, route general travel costs are formulated with the uncertainty of link travel time for both modes and the uncertainty of waiting time at a bus stop and in-vehicle congestion costs for the bus mode. The uncertainty of bus waiting time is considered to be relevant to the degradation of the front links of the bus line. A bi-modal user equilibrium model incorporating travelers’ risk adverse behavior is proposed for evaluating EBLs. Finally, two numerical examples are used to illustrate how the road degradation level, travelers’ risk aversion level and the front link’s correlation level with the uncertainty of the bus waiting time affect the results of the user equilibrium model with and without EBLs and how the road degradation level affects the optimal EBLs setting scheme. A paradox of EBLs setting is also illustrated where adding one exclusive bus lane may decrease share of bus.     

An analytical model to conduct a person-based evaluation of transit preferential treatments on signalized arterials

The complexities of urban transportation networks where multiple modes with different characteristics and needs travel in combination with constraints on space and funding make the sustainable management of these systems a challenge. In order to improve transit service, space (e.g., dedicated bus lanes) and time (e.g., transit signal priority strategies) Transit Preferential Treatments (TPT) are deployed to improve transit operations. The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical model that allows for a person-based evaluation of alternative TPTs when considered individually and in combination. In particular, the analytical model is developed to assess person delay and person discharge flow at any intersection that is part of a signalized arterial, where auto arrivals are in platoons. The performance of TPTs is evaluated using both the analytical model and through microsimulation tests on two intersections of San Pablo Avenue in Berkeley, CA. Space TPTs such as dedicated bus lanes and queue jumper lanes are beneficial in reducing bus person delay when provided in addition to the existing lanes; however, the effectiveness of time TPTs such as green extension depends on the level of auto demand in combination with signal settings. Changes in person discharge flow are not significant for any of the treatments tested with the exception of the bus lane substitution with and without green extension, which led to a significant decrease in person discharge flow. Increased bus frequency increases the effectiveness of transit signal priority in reducing total and bus person delay. The analytical model results produce ranking outcomes that are comparable with the microsimulation ones and therefore, the model may be used for a quantitative evaluation of TPTs without the need for data intensive and time consuming calibration efforts required for microsimulation models. The developed model can be used to guide infrastructure and investment decisions on where such TPTs should be implemented and under what conditions space TPTs should be combined with time TPTs to improve person mobility.     

Agent based model for dynamic ridesharing

Dynamic ridesharing involves a service provider that matches potential drivers and passengers with similar itineraries allowing them to travel together and share the costs. Centralized (binary integer programming) and decentralized (dynamic auction-based multi-agent) optimization algorithms are formulated to match passengers and drivers. Numerical experiments on the decentralized approach provides near optimal solutions for single-driver, single-passenger cases with lower computational burden. The decentralized approach is then extended to accommodate both multi-passenger and multi-driver matches. The results indicate higher user cost savings and vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) savings when allowing multi-passenger rides. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to test the impact of the service provider commission rate on revenue and system reliability. While short term revenue can be maximized at a commission rate of roughly 50% of each trip’s cost, the resulting drop in system reliability would be expected to reduce patronage and revenues in the longer term.     

Integrated optimization of transit priority operation at isolated intersections: A person-capacity-based approach

In this paper, a person-capacity-based optimization method for the integrated design of lane markings, exclusive bus lanes, and passive bus priority signal settings for isolated intersections is developed. Two traffic modes, passenger cars and buses, have been considered in a unified framework. Person capacity maximization has been used as an objective for the integrated optimization method. This problem has been formulated as a Binary Mixed Integer Linear Program (BMILP) that can be solved by a standard branch-and-bound routine. Variables including, allocation of lanes for different passenger car movements (e.g., left turn lanes or right turn lanes), exclusive bus lanes, and passive bus priority signal timings can be optimized simultaneously by the proposed model. A set of constraints have been set up to ensure feasibility and safety of the resulting optimal lane markings and signal settings. Numerical examples and simulation results have been provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed person-capacity-based optimization method. The results of extensive sensitivity analyses of the bus ratio, bus occupancy, and maximum degree of saturation of exclusive bus lanes have been presented to show the performance and applicable domain of the proposed model under different composition of inputs.     

多元收费方式下的高速公路收费站车道数优化研究

随着货车比增加和移动支付方式的应用，依据现有《收费公路联网技术要求》计算车道数用到的交通量换算和服务时间已不符合实际，造成车道数计算不准确，易导致车道拥堵或车道资源浪费. 本文围绕车道数优化计算展开研究. 首先分析多元收费方式服务时间及其差异性，提出多元收费方式服务时间计算模型. 考虑车辆跟驰、排队等行为因素，基于 VISSIM 建立收费站通行仿真模型，以车流量、车型比等数据为输入，获取满足设计需求的车道数. 将需求车道数和实际服务时间输入排队模型计算DHV修正值. 利用多项式回归，建立实际DHV值和DHV修正值间的DHV换算模型. 根据实际服务时间和DHV修正值，获得优化车道数. 最后，以典型收费站进行实证分析，表明本文方法可实现车道数的优化计算.     

双洞双向8车道公路隧道的方案比选

结合双洞双向8车道大跨度公路隧道的设计和施工,从技术可行性、经济效益和社会效益方面对3个备选方案进行了比较,并采用综合评分法进行了定量化评价,推荐采用暗挖分离式小净距隧道方案,可以在确保隧道交通功能的前提下,实现经济效益和社会效益的双赢。     

人行道设计建议——以南京市相关调查为例

城市道路设计中,多以满足机动车行驶需求为核心,对人行道的设计不够重视,产生如人行道局部缺失、设置不连续或不合理、过街人行道数量不足或缺失等问题,以致人行设施服务水平不高,制约了城市道路的整体服务水平。分别从宏观规划和微观设计两方面探讨了步行友好型城市的未来。在宏观规划方面,提出优良的步行网络应该具有的6要素;在微观设计方面,以南京市为例,针对人行道设计中的人行道宽度、与非机动车道的分离措施、附属设施设计、与换乘车站连接等方面进行了分析,并对目前城市道路设计规范中的有关内容提出改善建议。     

Development and comparison of choice models and tolling schemes for high-occupancy/toll (HOT) facilities

A high-occupancy/toll (HOT) lane is an increasingly popular form of traffic management strategy which reserves a set of freeway lanes for HOVs and transit users, while allowing low-occupancy vehicles (LOVs) to enter for a fee. In turn, HOT lanes maintain a minimal level of service by regulating the volume of entering LOVs. The focus of this paper is how to model the choice process of individual drivers, which dictates the volume of LOVs that choose to pay and take the HOT lane. Such models and the insights they provide can be very helpful for the toll setting process. Two simple formulations (an all-or-nothing assignment and an additive logit model) are compared with a proposed formulation based on the population value of time (VOT) distribution. Both static and dynamic toll setting algorithms are studied based on the proposed lane choice model, and their performance is compared under deterministic traffic behavior.