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981.
We modeled the propagation of traffic noise over the landscape and analyzed its impact on the structure and configuration of protected areas of the Twin Cities Metro Region, Minnesota. Using four noise thresholds, we found that at low and medium noise levels, 19% and 11% of the protected areas are within the road-effect zone. Using mean patch area and patch shape index, we measured the acoustic fragmentation of habitats. We found that at higher levels of noise patch shape index increased, while mean patch size decreased. The acoustic diversity of a patch is also found to be correlated with land cover type, patch area, and patch shape. 相似文献
982.
This paper presents an alternative planning framework to model and forecast network traffic for planning applications in small communities, where limited resources debilitate the development and applications of the conventional four-step travel demand forecasting model. The core idea is to use the Path Flow Estimator (PFE) to estimate current and forecast future traffic demand while taking into account of various field and planning data as modeling constraints. Specifically, two versions of PFE are developed: a base year PFE for estimating the current network traffic conditions using field data and planning data, if available, and a future year PFE for predicting future network traffic conditions using forecast planning data and the estimated base year origin–destination trip table as constraints. In the absence of travel survey data, the proposed method uses similar data (traffic counts and land use data) as a four-step model for model development and calibration. Since the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates and Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) are both utilized in the modeling process, the analysis scope and results are consistent with those of common traffic impact studies and other short-range, localized transportation improvement programs. Solution algorithms are also developed to solve the two PFE models and integrated into a GIS-based software called Visual PFE. For proof of concept, two case studies in northern California are performed to demonstrate how the tool can be used in practice. The first case study is a small community of St. Helena, where the city’s planning department has neither an existing travel demand model nor the budget for developing a full four-step model. The second case study is in the city of Eureka, where there is a four-step model developed for the Humboldt County that can be used for comparison. The results show that the proposed approach is applicable for small communities with limited resources. 相似文献
983.
In this paper, we explore the diurnal dynamics of joint activity participation in a small city in Pennsylvania, USA, using behavioral data and an inventory of business establishments. We account for the variation caused by the collective impact of social, temporal and spatial choices of individuals to produce predicted space–time visualizations of activity participation. The focus is on how social contexts of an activity impact the temporal and spatial decisions regarding the activity locations and how this impact varies depending on activity types. A comparison across activity types and social interaction types is made among spatial patterns during a day. The CentreSIM dataset, which is a household-based activity diary survey collected in Centre County (Pennsylvania, USA) in 2003, provides very detailed social interaction information enabling the analysis of social, spatial and temporal aspects of activity participation. In this paper we use this information to develop a spatio-temporal interpolation method and demonstration based on kriging. In this way, we extract the dynamic social taxonomy of places from the behavioral information in the dataset and suggest how urban and transportation models can be informed from the dynamics of places by observing “what is taking place” (activities being pursued in the context of this paper) combined with “what exists” (business establishments) or “what is available” (businesses that are open). The method here can also be used to improve the design of urban environments (e.g., filling gaps in desired activity locations), manage specific places (e.g., extending the opening and closing times of businesses), study transportation policies that are sensitive to time of day (e.g., pricing of parking to discourage crowding and traffic congestion), and modeling of spatio-temporal decisions of social activities in travel demand models (e.g., to guide the development of model specification and representation of the space in which behavioral models are applied). 相似文献
984.
Ensuring a fleet of green aircraft is a basic step in mitigating aviation pollution issues that are expected to be worsen in the coming years due to rapid air traffic growth. This study proposed a novel methodology in green fleet planning in which both profit and green performance of airline are considered simultaneously and explicitly. To do this, a Green Fleet Index (GFI) is derived as an indicator to quantify the green performance of airline’s fleet. It measures the degree of airline compliance with a standard requirement in terms of emission, noise, and fuel consumption. A bi-objective dynamic programming model is then formulated to find optimal aircraft acquisition (lease or purchase) decision by minimizing GFI and maximizing profit. Several interesting results are obtained: (1) considering environmental issue as secondary objective yields a greener fleet; (2) airline’s profit is affected, but could be recovered from environmental cost savings; (3) increasing load factor is an effective operational improvement strategy to enhance airline’s green performance and raise profit level. It is anticipated that the framework developed in this study could assist airlines to make a smart decision when considering the need to be green. 相似文献
985.
阐明城市轨道交通线网规划的目的就是要实行规划控制。规划研究的方法有经验分析法、客流预测法、公交增长法和多模块网络层次分析法等。规划主要解决的问题包括轨道交通在城市交通中的地位、作用及其网络层次、规模等。辩证理解“线网形态”、“轨道交通制式与敷设方式”、“客流预测”和“换乘形式”等概念? 相似文献
986.
马妍 《城市轨道交通研究》2017,20(Z1)
当列车与轨旁通信丢失,或者信号系统转换进入后备控制模式时,列车无法进行自动驾驶,因而影响了运营性能。介绍一种降级信号系统下的点式ATO(列车自动运行)防护方法,可在后备控制模式下使列车实现自动驾驶,因而降低了司机的工作强度、提高了列车运营效率。 相似文献
987.
结合相关城市在有轨电车车辆基地建设方面的经验,对现代有轨电车车辆基地规划关键性指标进行量化分析。针对城市土地资源紧张的特点,提出有轨电车规划中的资源共享理念,在网络阶段采用"集中检修分散停车"的规划方法。给出了车辆基地规模测算方法:按检修台位测算以及按有轨电车车辆停放规模测算,并将该理念与方法应用于深圳市龙华新区现代有轨电车线网实际案例中。结果表明,该方法在有轨电车车辆基地的选址规划,城市土地的集约利用,优化检修资源配置方面具有重要意义,可为城市交通相关规划和运营部门决策提供参考。 相似文献
988.
城市轨道交通各发展阶段的运行特征及在公交系统中的作用 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
城市轨道交通网络的形成分为三个发展阶段:成网前阶段,轨道骨架网阶段和稳定的轨道网络阶段.分析了不同发展阶段轨道交通运行特征指标的取值范围,采用客运量和客运周转量指标研究了轨道交通不同发展阶段在公共交通系统中所起的作用. 相似文献
989.
以铁路客车检修企业成功实现信息化管理为典型样例,分析了铁路客车检修企业的业务流程,阐述了ERP管理信息系统的设计架构、系统功能,论述了关键技术的应用,描述了系统在实际企业中的具体实现. 相似文献
990.