Residual stresses at a longitudinal stiffener — Web frame intersection and their effects on crack growth

Stress coining at geometrical discontinuities may introduce compressive residual stresses which will lower the propagation of surface cracks and thus increase the fatigue life. In a non-linear finite element analysis, the residual stresses after welding of a transverse web-frame to a ship hull plating is first estimated. Stress coining of one corner of a longitudinal cut-out in a transverse web-frame is then simulated in detail. The calculated residual compressive tangential stresses in the corner of the cut-out is seen to lower the propagation of edge cracks. Experiments performed on web-frames taken from a shipyard after manufacturing show indeed that large tensile residual stresses exist in the web-frame after welding. Stress coining is therefore believed to have a beneficial effect on the fatigue life.     

耐大气腐蚀钢09CuPCrNi板材机械性能的试验研究

本文对耐大气腐蚀钢09CuPCrNi板材的机械性能进行了试验研究,测定了其弹性模量E值,屈服极限σ_5、强度极限σ_b、延伸率δ和断面收缩率,分析了拉伸图的特点,确定了拉伸变形的硬化指数n值和板材的塑性应变比r值,并与A_3钢板材性能做了比较     

重庆门坎滩水电站泄流能力及消能结构试验研究

针对门坎滩水电站设计方案的泄流能力和消能效果等方面进行了模型试验,结果表明原设计方案存在溢流坝泄流过于集中以及消能效果差、容易形成坝下冲刷等问题。通过采用宽尾墩结构和修改消力池及闸孔边墩布置方式对原方案进行优化设计,其模型试验结果分析表明,优化方案泄洪能力、消能效果均满足工程要求。     

开放式物理实验教学的探索与实践

介绍了湖北汽车工业学院在物理实验教学内容、教学方式、教学手段等方面进行的探索与实践,总结了开放式物理实验教学所取得的成效和存在的问题。     

规则波和不规则波中船舶艉砰击及其振动响应的试验研究

在拖曳水池中对某船舶进行了艉砰击及其振动响应的试验研究.在规则波以及不规则波中的零航速、艉随浪情况下观察到了严重的艉砰击现象.试验数据分析表明,合成弯矩可以分成由波浪载荷引起的低频成分以及由砰击载荷引起的高频成分.由于严重艉砰击载荷的作用,发现在某次规则波试验中合成弯矩比波浪弯矩要大出44%,在3.24m不规则波中合成弯矩增加了43%.不规则波中的试验数据统计表明合成弯矩分布范围服从Weibull分布.推导了服从Weibull分布随机变量的短期概率极值预报公式,针对试验数据进行了预报.还讨论了试验数据分析中的不确定性问题.试验研究表明,对于艉部平坦肥大的船舶,在设计和使用中需要引起对艉砰击及其振动响应问题的重视.     

炮兵作战指挥实验系统研究

作战实验是仿真领域中研究的热点,它为作战问题的研究提供了很好的验证手段,并有着广泛的应用。文中分析了炮兵作战指挥实验系统中的实验内容,并对指挥实验系统进行了设计,制定了系统的运行程序。     

Stochastic user equilibrium with equilibrated choice sets: Part I – Model formulations under alternative distributions and restrictions

The aim of this paper is to remove the known limitations of Deterministic and Stochastic User Equilibrium (DUE and SUE), namely that only routes with the minimum cost are used in DUE, and that all permitted routes are used in SUE regardless of their costs. We achieve this by combining the advantages of the two principles, namely the definition of unused routes in DUE and of mis-perception in SUE, such that the resulting choice sets of used routes are equilibrated. Two model families are formulated to address this issue: the first is a general version of SUE permitting bounded and discrete error distributions; the second is a Restricted SUE model with an additional constraint that must be satisfied for unused paths. The overall advantage of these model families consists in their ability to combine the unused routes with the use of random utility models for used routes, without the need to pre-specify the choice set. We present model specifications within these families, show illustrative examples, evaluate their relative merits, and identify key directions for further research.     

What type of road pricing scheme might appeal to politicians? Viewpoints on the challenge in gaining the citizen and public servant vote by staging reform

The greatest hurdle facing road pricing reform is political commitment. With rare exception, efforts to introduce significant reform in road pricing, aimed at raising sufficient revenue to ensure that road investment and ongoing maintenance is secured, without an additional impost to users above current outlays, while at the same time reducing traffic congestion, has fallen largely on politically non-supportive ears. The big challenge is to convince politicians (and their advisers) that it is possible to reform road pricing so that users are made better off (at least the great majority) in terms of time spent travelling and monies outlaid, and that government secures growing levels of revenue, but with at least some funds being used to improve public transport and the existing road network. This paper identifies the major issues that make much of the academic research into road pricing somewhat limited in terms of achieving real change. Staging reform is an appealing way forward, but ensuring the order and timing of events to secure progress is the big challenge. We offer some suggestions, including some ideas on new language designed to increase the level of buy in, and recognise that progress through action will require compromises in respect of an ‘ideal’ economically efficient pricing reform agenda.     

Handling qualities evaluation method based on actual driver characteristics

The present study proposes an objective handling qualities evaluation method using driver-in-the-loop analysis. The driving simulator experiments were performed for various driving conditions, drivers and vehicle dynamics. The response characteristics of the driver model and the closed-loop system were analyzed. The analysis revealed the driving strategies clearly, indicating the importance of closed-loop analysis. Using the identified driver model and its strategies, a cost function of the handling qualities was constructed. The cost function can be used to estimate the handling qualities analytically from the vehicle dynamics. The proposed method was validated by comparison with the handling qualities evaluation rated by the driver's comments.     

限制水域船舶纵向下水的动力学分析

为了对限制水域内船舶纵向下水运动进行完整而准确的预报,考虑兴波阻力、粘性阻力、锚链力、钢缆力、水流力、横向侧推力的动力效应以及不对称水域等因素对下水运动的影响,针对下水各阶段建立了船体运动模型,提出了一种较为完善的限制水域内下水运动理论计算方法.采用该方法对一艘45000吨化学品/成品油轮的下水运动进行了预报,并与实船下水测试结果进行了比较分析.结果表明,此方法可以较好地模拟船舶下水运动,为分析和判断船舶下水的安全性提供了依据.