西安市南北中轴线改造工程设计思考

该文通过西安市南北中轴线改造过程中对横断面型式的确定、旧路材料的再生利用、公交停靠站的设计等技术问题的探索和尝试,提出了解决的方法和见解,同时介绍了旧路改造设计中得到的启示。     

Identification of potential sites for deep-ocean waste isolation with a geographic site-selection model

Identification of optimal sites for the isolation of waste on the abyssal seafloor was performed with two approaches: by the traditional method of map overlays of relevant attributes, and by a specially developed, automated Site-Selection Model (SSM). Five initial, Surrogate Sites, identified with the map-overlay approach, were then compared with the more rigorously produced scores from the SSM. The SSM, a process for optimization of site locations, accepts subjective, expert-based judgments and transforms them into a quantitative, reproducible, and documented product. The SSM is adaptable to any siting scenario. Forty-one factors relevant to the isolation scenario, including 21 weightable factors having a total of 123 scorable categories, have been entered into the SSM. Factors are grouped under project definition, unique environments, anthropogenic, geologic, biologic, weather, oceanographic and distance criteria. The factor scores are linked to a georeferenced database array of all factors, corresponding to 1°×1° latitude–longitude squares. The SSM includes a total of 2241 one-degree squares within 1000 n.m. of the U.S. coasts, including the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern North Pacific. Under a carefully weighted and scored scenario of isolation, the most favorable sites identified with the SSM are on the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the Atlantic. High-scoring sites are also located in the Pacific abyssal hills province between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones. Acceptable 1° squares in the Gulf of Mexico are few and of lower quality, with the optimum location on the northern Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. Two of the five Surrogate Site locations, on the Hatteras and Sigsbee Abyssal Plains, correspond to the best SSM sites in each ocean area. Two Pacific and a second Atlantic Surrogate Site are located in low-scoring regions or excluded by the SSM. Site-selection results from the SSM, although robust, are an initial attempt to quantify the site-selection process. The SSM database exposes a significant lack of high-quality information for many areally mappable attributes on the abyssal seafloor, particularly bottom-current speed and measures of biologic productivity and flux. Terminologies and classifications of some measures, such as sediment types, suffer from parochialism and vary by ocean. Considerable research is needed even for a broad understanding of the environmental measures required to make sound societal decisions about use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal or other purposes.     

大同市北都桥总体结构设计及计算分析

重点介绍了山西省大同市连接新老城区的一座重要城市景观桥梁——北都桥的结构设计和施工方案。该桥主桥采用单跨140 m的下承式钢桁架拱桥,单侧双吊杆设计。通过静力、稳定计算分析及拱脚局部三维分析,验证了该设计方案的合理性以及安全性。可为同类桥型设计提供参考。     

双悬臂梁桥试验检测及安全技术评价

双悬臂梁桥为我国在上世纪60年代至90年代期间为解决桥梁跨度不足而使用的一种结构。结构主要以锚固孔和挂梁孔组成。该种桥梁的病害主要体现在牛腿的受力薄弱位置的抗剪能力不足。该文对位于吉林省延边州G302国道上的嘎呀河大桥的试验检测过程作了介绍,以期为今后此类桥梁评定作为借鉴。     

电磁环境船模预测技术的误差分析研究

基于缩比船模原理,从模型限制误差、方法误差和问题本身的误差等方面分析电磁环境船模预测技术的主要误差源,并在此基础上分别论述上述误差源对电磁环境预测精度产生的影响.可以有针对性地采取相应措施控制误差,以更好地获取逼近于实船的电磁环境分布特性.     

地下工程建设对城市地下水环境的影响分析

研究目的：研究地下工程在施工和运营的过程中对地下水环境的影响，为地下工程的建设规划及地下水环境保护提供科学依据。研究结果：在总结地下工程建设对地下水环境影响基础上，以西安市城市轨道交通2号线为例，利用经验公式计算施工期车站基坑降水对地下水的影响，并采用数值模拟的方法预测地铁运营后对地下水流场的影响。地铁施工期的基坑降水只发生在张家堡站，中心水位下降6．3m，降水量为10454．15m^3／d，影响半径441m，对地下水流将产生一定的影响；地铁建成运营以后的地铁线路阻挡了地下水的径流，造成“迎水面”水位壅高，“背水面”水位降低，通过模拟水位变幅在0～1．7m。     

成都天府国际空港新城机场南线西段工程总体设计

机场南线西段连接了成都市主城区和天府国际机场,为天府国际机场建设和投运提供交通和能源保障,同时也是“东进”区域率先启动的市政道路之一。介绍了机场南线西段工程的建设背景和上位规划情况,重点阐述了总体设计方案,主要包括线路走向、总平面布置、横断面布置、重要节点处理、近远期结合措施等,为具有投资高、规模大、沿线情况复杂的新区建设提供了技术支撑。     

《国际安全与环境无害化拆船公约》制定进展与对我国的影响分析

文中分析了《国际安全与环境无害化拆船公约草案》的制定背景与进展，简要介绍了公约的内容与基本要求，介绍了国内拆船业的现状，在此基础上分析了公约生效后对我国相关行业可能产生的影响，并提出了我国在公约后续制定过程中所应采取的态度建议。     

Host specificity in copepod parasites of deep-sea fishes

Parasitic copepods belonging to two orders, Siphonostomatoida and Poecilostomatoida, are frequently reported from fish hosts in the deep sea. Three families of copepods are most commonly encountered, Sphyriidae, Lernaeopodidae and Chondracanthidae, but members of another four families, Hatschekiidae, Pennellidae, Philichthyidae and Hyponeoidae, are occasionally recorded. These parasites utilise various deep demersal fishes as hosts, especially species of the most abundant families, Macrouridae, Moridae, Synaphobranchidae and Alepocephalidae. Host specificity levels are variable, as for shallow-water fishes. In contrast, few parasites are regularly reported from fishes inhabiting the pelagic water column away from the bottom and away from the near-surface zone. Only the pennellids Sarcotretes scopeli and Cardiodectes medusaeus appear common on pelagic fishes, in the Atlantic and Pacific respectively. Host specificity levels in these two pennellid species are relatively low. It is speculated that the difficulty of encountering a host in the vast pelagic biome has restricted the diversity of parasitic copepods that have successfully colonized pelagic fishes.     

上海丹巴路大挑臂的朝阳河桥设计

上海丹巴路朝阳河桥是跨越朝阳河的一座大挑臂三跨连续箱梁桥。该文重点介绍了该桥的上下部结构设计和计算分析,以及关键点的处理。其成果为今后类似桥梁的设计提供了一些有价值的技术资料和思路。