预应力混凝土大直径管桩在北方港口工程中的应用实践

预应力大直径混凝土管桩自20世纪80年代研制成功后;在我国南方各大港口得到了推广应用,但在我国北方港口中还没有大批量使用的先例。东营港扩建工程在北方港口首次大批量使用,通过进行大管桩抗冻、试桩等试验,沉桩获得成功。     

Evolution of the open-sea eddy ALGERS'98 in the Algerian Basin with Lagrangian trajectories and remote sensing observations

The westward evolution of an open-sea anticyclonic eddy along the western Algerian Basin is shown, for the first time, by means of 15 buoy trajectories and remote sensing observations. For 3 months, the buoy trajectories described several anticyclonic loops in periods of 4–21 days. The eddy's movement, translation, and rotation were separated with a kinematic model, resulting in a mean translation speed of 2 km/day, which fits the self-propulsion speed predicted on theoretical models for isolated eddies on a beta plane. Fluctuations in translation speed were associated with advection of the mean flow and topographic interactions. Both mechanisms changed the eddy's horizontal shape from circular to elliptical, inducing fluctuations in its swirl velocity and solid-body rotation. The initial stage of the eddy is an isolated asymmetric dipole, comprised by a small cyclone and a large anticyclone, the latter generated from a frontal instability, which under the Coriolis term acquires anticyclonic relative vorticity. During its first days of life, the anticyclonic eddy was shallow Ro=0.9 and small (diameter less than 50 km). Later on, it reached a diameter of 150 km and a vertical structure of 3 km (Ro=0.1). A retrospective analysis with infrared images shows that the eddy's generation took place at about 3–4°E. Then, the eddy completed a counterclockwise circuit never before reported in other studies and ended up at the entrance of the Algerian Basin, where the interaction with the topography and the coastal instability induced its decay. The eddy's life span was 10 months. Computations of the heating rate following clusters of buoy trajectories show fluctuations throughout the eddy's journey, induced by advection and a seasonal warming.     

航运与广州城市变迁

广州自古就是“青山半入城,六脉皆通海”的滨海城市。独特的海江联运网络推动了广州海上交通与贸易的发达,也促成了既中外兼容又具有浓烈地方特色的广府文化的形成。可以说,航运是广州城市化进程中的蓝色推动力。     

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为定量衡量天津港构建的内陆港群与区域经济的关系,在分析二者协调发展机理的基础上,选取相应指标,构建基于DEA的评价模型.内陆港和城市经济发展有效性的评价结果显示,北京的内陆港与城市的发展均有效,包头、石家庄、德州属于城市经济有效、内陆港发展无效,惠农内陆港有效、城市经济无效,侯马的内陆港与城市经济的发展均无效,表明天津港的内陆港发展程度不同,腹地经济发展十分不平衡.对二者关系有效性的评价结果则表明,内陆港群与城市经济没有实现良好的双向有效协调发展,其中惠农和侯马两个城市与其内陆港的发展极其不平衡.     

基于沿海开发背景的南通高职院校服务地方经济社会探析

文章分析了南通地区高职院校在服务南通地方经济方面的作用,指出了存在的问题,并从打造人才基地、提供人才培训与技术服务、提升技能培训的国际化水平等几方面提出了相应的解决措施,具有一定的指导价值。     

港口陆路集疏运系统“点-线”疏解模式研究——以天津港为例

为了解决集装箱港口普遍存在的港城交通矛盾,对国内外集装箱港口集疏运成功经验进行分析。提出由枢纽点、专用通道及港区组成的集装箱港口集疏运模式,即"点-线"疏解模式。以天津港为例,提出2020年港口"点-线"疏解模式的布局方案,并从交通、经济及社会效益三方面对其进行评价。结果表明",点-线"疏解模式能有效解决港城之间的交通矛盾,且能取得较大的社会经济效益。     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

Co-management of Tropical Coastal Zones: The Case of the Soufriere Marine Management Area,St. Lucia,WI

Centralized, top-down fisheries management models based on biological stock-recruitment have, at best, achieved limited success when adapted to Third World fisheries. Comanagement, a resource management approach oriented towards resource users and their communities, has been proposed as an alternative strategy for managing Third World fisheries. We examine the initial success and subsequent problems of one such collaborative coastal zone management project on St. Lucia's leeward coast. Factors that must be considered in the development, implementation, and maintenance of coastal comanagement systems operating in the contexts of tropical marine ecosystems in developing nations are identified and discussed.     

Extant Legal and Jurisdictional Constraints on Irish Coastal Management

The success of any coastal zone management policy is dependent on, among other things, effective legislation and its enforcement. This article examines some possible legal constraints on the implementation of an integrated coastal zone management policy in Ireland. An introduction to the existing legal framework is provided, and the inconsistencies and ambiguities related, in particular, to jurisdiction and area of responsibility are highlighted. In particular the effect of land ownership and property rights on coastal zone management are examined with reference to two popular resort beaches in County Donegal, Ireland. While a revision of the relevant legislation is desirable, it is probably unrealistic; however, powers are available to the various institutions involved in coastal management that are currently unused. These are reviewed and their potential to improve coastal zone management is discussed.     

Governing Coastal Spaces: The Case of Disappearing Science in Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Scientific knowledge is central to “good” governance of coastal spaces: developing methods through which the complexities of the coastal zone can be understood by stakeholders to improve the sustainable management of coastal systems. Enhancing our knowledge of the range of processes that shape coastal spaces and define the total behavioural environment of the system remains a primary challenge for the coastal research community. However, this article raises the argument that current approaches to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)—the preferred governing framework for the coastal environment, do not give sufficient emphasis to this fundamental need. Improving the basic scientific knowledge that underpins policymaking at the coast is argued to be urgently needed. Issues such as that of developing a communality of the purpose and approach between stakeholders within the coastal zone (through conflict resolution and access to information, for example) seem to claim the rights of the integrated management research agenda. However, the very nature of ICZM as “worthwhile coastal management” requires that integrated management represents more than a governing framework. Successful integration in coastal management must also be underpinned by knowledge of the integrated behavior of the system. Science has an increasingly marginalized position within ICZM and as a result geographers, contributing knowledge of the patterns and processes of the human and environmental landscapes, are also becoming a disappearing breed in integrated coastal management.