On the collapse of thick-walled pipes with corrosion defects under external pressure

Corrosion defect is considered to be one of the major critical damages of subsea pipelines, which can result in a considerable loss in the collapse capacity of thick-walled pipes in deep waters. In this paper, collapse experiments on 13 small-scale seamless steel tubes with varying sizes of elliptical and rectangular corrosion defects were carried out in a sealed hyperbaric chamber. The collapse pressure and deformed configurations were obtained, with four types of collapse trajectories identified. A numerical framework was established to simulate the collapse event using ABAQUS, and decent consistency of the collapse pressure and collapsed configurations was observed between numerical and experimental results. Then, the collapse pressure of thick-walled pipes with a single elliptical corrosion defect was studied parametrically, covering different defect sizes, geometric characteristics, and material properties. Based on the extensive numerical analysis, a reasonable empirical formula was developed to estimate the collapse pressure of thick-walled steel pipes with various elliptical corrosion defects and material properties.     

崩塌滑坡灾害对川藏铁路康定—昌都段选线的影响

线路选线是铁路工程设计与建设中一项关系到全局的总体性工作,线路走向是否合理,直接关系到铁路本身的工程投资和运营效果。地质灾害是影响铁路选线最重要的因素。通过滑坡崩塌灾害对线路的影响分析,可最大限度避免线路经过严重地质灾害地段,规避重大工程风险。通过对川藏铁路康定—昌都段沿线崩塌滑坡灾害调查和量测,结合遥感解译成果,主要考虑沿线崩塌、滑坡灾害的影响,给出关键区段、节点的铁路地质选线策略,对比规划线路,提出基于崩塌滑坡灾害影响的建议线路。     

北京地铁浅埋暗挖施工坍塌的预防与处理

文章根据北京地质环境状况,介绍浅埋暗挖施工坍塌的预防及处理措施。     

泥水盾构过江工程江底塌方风险的应对及处理

泥水盾构过江工程的重大挑战之一是江底塌方的处理,正确地分析坍方的原因和采取有效的措施是应对风险的关键。文章结合工程实例对江底坍方的应对及处理进行了分析研究。     

公路隧道围岩塌方离散元模拟

以秦岭III号隧道为工程实例,根据围岩类别及围岩内地质构造发育状况,将断面划分为2 173个块体单元,采用离散单元法对该隧道的塌方过程进行了二维数值仿真模拟,得出了隧道顶部和侧壁块体的塌落距离、塌落轨迹及隧道塌方量,并得出了块体塌落过程中跟踪块体的合力曲线,反映了块体的运动过程。     

独柱墩桥梁结构安全验算及处理方案探讨

针对近年来发生的多起独住墩桥梁倾覆事件和各地普遍存在的支座脱空等问题,结合工程实例开展了独住墩桥梁受力探讨。首先对比了交通部征求意见的抗倾覆验算方案,对主要存在以上问题的曲线桥梁分析了梁体扭转、支座脱空的原因,并根据计算结果提出相应的加固措施,在实际加固处理工程中取得了良好的效果,可为其他类似工程提供参考。     

Accuracy of nonlinear finite element collapse predictions for submarine pressure hulls with and without artificial corrosion damage

Nonlinear finite element (FE) collapse pressure predictions are compared to experimental results for submarine pressure hull test specimens with and without artificial corrosion and tested to collapse under external hydrostatic pressure. The accuracy of FE models, and their sensitivity to modeling and solution procedures, are investigated by comparing FE simulations of the experiments using two different model generators and three solvers. The standard FE methodology includes the use of quadrilateral shell elements, nonlinear mapping of measured geometric imperfections, and quasi-static incremental analyses including nonlinear material and geometry. The FE models are found to be accurate to approximately 11%, with 95% confidence, regardless of the model generator and solver that is used. Collapse pressure predictions for identical FE models obtained using each of the three solvers agree within 2.8%, indicating that the choice of FE solver does not significantly affect the predicted collapse pressure. The FE predictions are found to be more accurate for corroded than for undamaged models, and neglecting the shell eccentricity that arises due to one-sided shell thinning is found to significantly decrease the resulting accuracy of the FE model.     

铁路隧道塌方处理

通过某铁路隧道塌方处理实例,从塌方原因分析、处理方案、监控量测等方面浅述了该隧道塌方处理的施工技术。     

溜砂坡的形成诱发因素及失稳破坏条件

通过对溜砂坡形成条件和诱发因素的分析,得出溜砂坡形成的3个必备条件是物质条件、地形条件和堆积条件;溜砂的主要诱发因素是地表水、地下水、河流冲刷、动荷载作用、风荷载作用、冻融作用、植物及人为因素。对溜砂坡砂样进行有关物理与力学试验,得出溜砂坡的粒度成分以中、粗砂和角砾为主;内摩擦角总体上是烘干状态大于天然状态,天然状态又大于饱和状态;粘聚力则呈现出天然时的大于饱和时的,而饱和时的又大于烘干时的规律。通过模型试验和理论分析,将双因素方差分析原理运用到砂粒粒径、含水量对溜砂坡天然休止角大小的影响分析中,结果说明这2种因素对溜砂坡天然休止角的影响都很大,并且含水量因素对天然休止角的影响,与砂粒粒径因素相比要大得多。运用线性回归理论对砂粒粒径、含水量、内摩擦角以及粘聚力等4个影响砂坡天然休止角的因素进行线性拟合,所得到的公式可用于天然休止角大小的估算。     

Numerical investigation of the collapse pressure of concentric tubes with frictionless and tied interface

The understanding and study of the mechanical behavior of submarine pipes have significant relevance in ocean exploration, allowing the application of these structures in adverse conditions. In this sense, protecting the tube's internal surface is vital for the transportation of corrosive materials, threatening structural integrity. Usually, the external surface is at constant hydrostatic pressure, leading to possible structural failure if the project does not consider all failure modes. Within the framework of Metallurgically Cladded Pipes (MCP) and Mechanically Lined Pipes (MLP), Corrosion-Resistant Alloys (CRAs) are inserted in the internal surface of pipelines. However, they are not typically deemed in the structural analysis as an integrant part of the mechanical resistance for the external load. This work presents an initial analytical proposal to calculate the collapse pressure of concentric tubes incorporating the rigidity provided by the CRA. Tied or frictionless numerical models are assumed to describe the interaction between the two bodies at the interface region. These two scenarios establish the upper and lower boundaries for cases where friction is part of the problem. The methodology applies a least-square minimization function based on nonlinear finite element simulations to extract analytical expressions that estimate the collapse pressure. An effort is made to reduce the number of sensitive parameters involved in the analytical proposals and minimize the complexity of the formulation. This process allows the analyst to visualize which parameters are more relevant in various scenarios. Nevertheless, the main goal is to evaluate how the variables are coupled and develop a methodology that can be adapted to reproduce the analyst's necessities.