人工智能算法在铁道车辆动力学仿真中的应用进展

梳理了人工智能算法在铁道车辆系统动力学仿真中的应用实例和国内外相关文献,概述了铁道车辆动力学仿真中常用的机器学习和深度学习算法,归纳和评述了2种学习算法在铁道车辆系统动力学建模与仿真中的应用分类;从铁道车辆系统动力学建模、动力学性能预测与动力学性能优化等方面入手,详细讨论了人工智能算法应用在力元建模和仿真、轨道不平顺预测、运行平稳性预测、噪声预测、侧风安全性预测、运行安全性预测、悬挂优化、轮轨匹配优化、结构优化以及主动与半主动控制等领域的优势和局限性,指出了现阶段人工智能算法在动力学仿真应用中主要面临的训练样本缺乏、泛化能力不够、可解释性欠缺等问题;展望了今后人工智能算法和车辆系统动力学交叉研究的发展方向和重点研究内容。研究结果表明：融合经典力学和人工智能算法结合的混合建模理论可作为之后的重点研究方向;人工智能算法对解决随机动力学中的随机不确定性,提高随机动力学的性能具有较大的应用潜力;通过人工智能算法与优化算法相结合来实现动力学性能优化,可充分发挥人工智能算法的优势。     

波浪潮流作用下的悬沙输移

本文提出了波浪潮流作用下悬沙输移的二维数值模拟,并讨论了模型中的几个重要参数,模拟结果与天津港区现场情况很吻合。     

Calibrating aggregate travel demand models with traffic counts: Estimators and statistical performance

Traffic counts on network links constitute an information source on travel demand which is easy to collect, cheap and repeatable. Many models proposed in recent years deal with the use of traffic counts to estimate Origin/Destination (O/D) trip matrices under different assumptions on the type of "a-priori" information available on the demand (surveys, outdated estimates, models, etc.) and the type of network and assignment mapping (see Cascetta & Nguyen 1988). Less attention has been paid to the possibility of using traffic counts to estimate the parameters of demand models. In this case most of the proposed methods are relative to particular demand model structures (e.g. gravity-type) and the statistical analysis of estimator performance is not thoroughly carried out. In this paper a general statistical framework defining Maximum Likelihood, Non Linear Generalized Least Squares (NGLS) and Bayes estimators of aggregated demand model parameters combining counts-based information with other sources (sample or a priori estimates) is proposed first, thus extending and generalizing previous work by the authors (Cascetta & Russo 1992). Subsequently a solution algorithm of the projected-gradient type is proposed for the NGLS estimator given its convenient theoretical and computational properties. The algorithm is based on a combination of analytical/numerical derivates in order to make the estimator applicable to general demand models. Statistical performances of the proposed estimators are evaluated on a small test network through a Monte Carlo method by repeatedly sampling "starting estimates" of the (known) parameters of a generation/distribution/modal split/assignment system of models. Tests were carried out assuming different levels of "quality" of starting estimates and numbers of available counts. Finally NGLS estimator was applied to the calibration of the described model system on the network of a real medium-size Italian town using real counts with very satisfactory results in terms of both parameter values and counted flows reproduction.     

Pollution history of a tropical estuary revealed by combined hydrodynamic modelling and sediment geochemistry

Hydrodynamic modelling of water movement in Hunts Bay, a protected part of Kingston Harbour, Jamaica, shows that depth averaged tidal flows are very low. In the northeast corner of Hunts Bay, water is essentially stagnant. Even under high flow conditions, much of the Bay bottom water is ‘bypassed' by buoyant, lower salinity surface flows. The muddy sediments of Hunts Bay reflect these sluggish to stagnant conditions; sediment cores from the northeast corner of the Bay contain progressively higher amounts of organic matter in their upper parts (last 15–20 years sedimentation). Combined C/N ratios and stable carbon isotope compositions of this organic matter imply a sewage origin. Both lead and chromium metal concentrations and enrichment factors relative to average crustal shales show geographically related patterns that reflect hydrodynamic circulation predicted by modelling. In particular, metal concentrations and enrichment factors are highest at the northern end of the bay, especially in the northeast corner. Modelling confirms that stagnant conditions would occur in the northeast part of the bay even without the presence of a major causeway. The causeway may contribute to low flow conditions, but is not the principal cause of organic contamination, which is simply an excessive input of sewage.     

湖南省财政收入与经济增长的动态关系

利用协整理论对湖南省财政收入与经济增长进行了分析,并使用动态建模方法建立一个误差修正模型(ECM)对两者之间的关系进行拟合,以揭示它们之间的短期波动和长期均衡关系。     

An analytical mathematical method for calculation of the dynamic wheel–rail impact force caused by wheel flat

The simplified method to determine a vertical impact force of wheel with flat and rail interaction is presented in this article. The presented simplified method can be used to identify maximum contact force and its distribution in the contact length between the damaged wheel and the rail. The vertical impact force depends on geometrical parameters of the rail and wheel with flat, speed of vehicle and the angle of deviation of rail. This article demonstrates the influence of wheel with flat geometrical parameters, speed of vehicle to maximum contact force and its distribution in the contact zone. The obtained values of the simplified method for determination of a vertical contact force are compared with the results obtained from field measurements.     

Transport deregulation and cross‐border trucking in North America

Internationally, recent years have seen a spread of deregulatory policies with respect to transport. Equally, transport movements across national boundaries have expanded as trade has grown. Despite these two quite noticeable trends comparatively little has been written on the problems that are created for cross‐border traffic as the result of differential changes in national regulatory policies. This paper is concerned with looking specifically at what has happened in the context of road freight transport movements across the U.S.‐Canadian border and the wider (especially for the formulation of a Common Transport Policy for the EEC) lessons which can be learned from it.     

Description of a flexible and extendable physical–biogeochemical model system for the water column

A modelling system for coupled physical–biogeochemical simulations in the water column is presented here. The physical model component allows for a number of different statistical turbulence closure schemes, ranging from simple algebraic closures to two-equation turbulence models with algebraic second-moment closures. The biogeochemical module consists of models which are based on a number of state variables represented by their ensemble averaged concentrations. Specific biogeochemical models may range from simple NPZ (nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton) to complex ecosystem models. Recently developed modified Patankar solvers for ordinary differential equations allow for stable discretisations of the production and destruction terms guaranteeing conservative and non-negative solutions. The increased stability of these new solvers over explicit solvers is demonstrated for a plankton spring bloom simulation. The model system is applied to marine ecosystem dynamics the Northern North Sea and the Central Gotland Sea. Two different biogeochemical models are applied, a conservative nitrogen-based model to the North Sea, and a more complex model including an oxygen equation to the Baltic Sea, allowing for the reproduction of chemical processes under anoxic conditions. For both applications, earlier model results obtained with slightly different model setups could be basically reproduced. It became however clear that the choice for ecosystem model parameters such as maximum phytoplankton growth rates does strongly depend on the physical model parameters (such as turbulence closure models or external forcing).     

ANSYS的建模方法和网格划分

随着计算机硬件升级更新速度的不断加决,有限元技术得到空前的发展,越来越多地应用于各个领域。而ANSYS软件具有建模简单,快速,方便的特点,因而成为大型通用有限元软件的代表。对有限元作了一个总体的介绍,简要叙述了ANSYS软件的主要特点,着重介绍了ANSYS软件的建模方法,并结合自己的实践经验谈了ANSYS软件的网格划分技巧。     

Commuting times – The role of gender,children and part-time work

It has been widely established in the UK and other developed countries that men commute longer than women and that fathers travel furthest to work while mothers travel least. This paper models a wide variety of factors that affect commuting times including gender, presence of children and working hours (part- and full-time work). It finds that of particular importance to the length of commute are the worker’s age, having children, the age of their youngest child, occupation, weekly pay, and mode of transport (with public transport being associated with longer commutes). The region of residence was important for men and women working full-time but not for part timers (except for women in London), while ethnicity and owner occupation were associated with commuting length for full-time men only. The results suggest that while gender, working hours and childcare responsibility are often inter-related, it is useful to disaggregate their effects when modelling or developing policy.