A method for solving the multi‐objective transit frequency optimization problem

Frequency setting takes place at the strategic and tactical planning stages of public transportation systems. The problem consists in determining the time interval between subsequent vehicles for a given set of lines, taking into account interests of users and operators. The result of this stage is considered as input at the operational level. In general, the problem faced by planners is how to distribute a given fleet of buses among a set of given lines. The corresponding decisions determine the frequency of each line, which impacts directly on the waiting time of the users and operator costs. In this work, we consider frequency setting as the problem of minimizing simultaneously users' total travel time and fleet size, which represents the interest of operators. There is a trade‐off between these two measures; therefore, we face a multi‐objective problem. We extend an existing single‐objective formulation to account explicitly for this trade‐off, and propose a Tabu Search solving method to handle efficiently this multi‐objective variant of the problem. The proposed methodology is then applied to a real medium‐sized problem instance, using data of Puerto Montt, Chile. We consider two data sets corresponding to morning‐peak and off‐peak periods. The results obtained show that the proposed methodology is able to improve the current solution in terms of total travel time and fleet size. In addition, the proposed method is able to efficiently suggest (in computational terms) different trade‐off solutions regarding the conflicting objectives of users and operators. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

道岔区聚氨酯固化道床烘干装置的研发

针对道岔区聚氨酯固化道床施工提出一种道床烘干技术。通过高精度、智能化的道床温湿度检测,实时监控烘干效果。本文首先介绍了道床烘干装置的总体设计,然后对道床烘干数值模拟结果和试验线上实测结果进行了分析。结果表明:当密封罩内分风结构导流角为100°时,密封罩的7个出风口风速均匀;烘干约10 min时道床烘干深度可达350 mm,道床相对湿度约20%,满足聚氨酯施工要求;与现有设备相比,该道床烘干装置具有小型化、快捷化的特点,可实现对道岔区等复杂线路区段的道床烘干作业。     

预留打磨量和打磨温度对钢轨铝热焊接头平直度的影响

首先分析了铝热焊接头焊缝低塌的原因,然后通过现场试验测量初打磨后接头的最高温度、不同终打磨温度下焊缝中心低塌量以及接头冷却过程中温度的变化,分析初打磨轨顶焊筋的预留打磨量、终打磨温度对铝热焊接头焊后平直度的影响.结果表明:焊接60 kg/m钢轨铝热焊接头时,初打磨后轨顶焊筋应预留1.3 mm以上的打磨量;终打磨温度越低焊缝低塌量越小,随终打磨温度降低焊缝低塌量减小幅度逐渐变缓,终打磨温度为300℃时焊缝低塌量较小,终打磨温度低于200℃时焊缝无低塌现象;采用"初打磨+终打磨"的打磨方式可避免铝热焊接头焊缝低塌,提高打磨效率.     

钢轨闪光焊接头灰斑特性及成因分析

灰斑是钢轨闪光焊接头中常见的缺陷,对钢轨焊接接头质量有直接的影响.本文通过研究挤出瘤中的夹杂物组织及其形态,并在钢轨闪光焊完成预热烧化后终止焊接作业,取样分析,以探究灰斑的形成原因.结果表明:焊接过程中熔融金属与氧发生反应,各种成分通过扩散作用不断聚集,最终在焊缝局部区域形成硅酸盐夹杂物.受焊接工艺影响及夹杂物流动性差异,顶锻阶段少部分夹杂物未被挤出,从而在焊缝内部形成灰斑.     

Effects of Friends' Information Interaction on Travel Decisions

Many existing studies focus on the effects of traffic information from ATIS on travel choices. Research on the effect of friends' travel information on people's travel choice is uncommon, yet needed. In this paper, behavioral experiments are conducted to discuss what the effects of information interaction with friends can bring on individual travel decision behavior. The experimental results concluded that when the rate of friends' information interaction reaches 33.3%, the whole system is at an optimal level. Furthermore, users reach an optimum when the rate of friends' travel information interaction is 75%. The average time and cost per person is increasing when the whole system optimum transfers to the user optimum. Moreover, adjustments of departure time at the system optimum are more dispersed than at the user optimum, while travel choice changes are more concentrated.     

格丑沟大桥系杆拱桥系梁混凝土配合比优化及性能试验

格丑沟特大桥主桥为系杆拱桥,系梁采用C55混凝土,属高强高性能预应力钢筋混凝土,要求混凝土具备高工作性能(低坍落度、高流态、稳定泵送)、高抗裂性能(低收缩)、高耐久性能。该文通过掺用聚羧酸系高效减水剂、优质粉煤灰以及改善骨料质量、优化骨料级配等技术手段,对系梁混凝土进行了配合比优化及性能试验研究,为工程施工推荐了满足设计要求、经济合理的施工配合比。施工实践证明,系梁混凝土质量良好。     

Gauging interventions for sustainable travel: A comparative study of travel attitudes in Berlin and London

So-called ‘soft’ policy instruments that respond to the psychological aspects of travel are regularly acknowledged as necessary complements to ‘hard’ infrastructure investments to effectively promote sustainable travel in cities. While studies investigating subjective orientations among travellers have proliferated, open questions remain including the role of recent technological advances, the expansion of alternative mobility services, locally specific mobility cultures and residential selection. This paper presents the methods, results and policy implications of a comparative study aiming to understand mobility attitudes and behaviours in the wider metropolitan regions of Berlin and London. We specifically considered information and communication technology (ICT), new types of mobility services such as car sharing, electric cars and residential preferences. In each region, we identified six comparable segments with distinct attitudinal profiles, socio-demographic properties and behavioural patterns. Geocoding of the home address of respondents further revealed varying contextual opportunities and constraints that are likely to influence travel attitudes. We find that there is significant potential for uptake of sustainable travel practices in both metropolitan regions, if policy interventions are designed and targeted in accordance with group-specific needs and preferences and respond to local conditions of mobility culture. We identify such interventions for each segment and region and conclude that comparative assessment of attitudinal, alongside geographical, characteristics of metropolitan travellers can provide better strategic input for realistic scenario-building and ex-ante assessment of sustainable transport policy.     

Measuring the car ownership impact of free-floating car-sharing – A case study in Basel,Switzerland

Free-floating car-sharing schemes operate without fixed car-sharing stations, ahead reservations or return-trip requirements. Providing fast and convenient motorization, they attract both public transport users and (former) car-owners. Thus, their impact on individual travel behavior depends on the user type. Estimating the travel behavior impact of these systems therefore requires quantitative data. Using a two-wave survey approach (shortly after launch of the scheme plus one year later) including travel diaries, this research indicates that (due to their membership) 6% of the free-floating car-sharing customers reduce their private vehicle ownership. Moreover, the results suggest that free-floating car-sharing both complements and competes with station-based car-sharing.     

规划盐泰锡常宜铁路长江桥位线路方案研究

针对盐泰锡常宜铁路越江问题,分析区域沿江城市规划、区域过江通道、水文、地质特征与河势,提出长江桥位线路方案。最后,通过长江特大桥建桥条件及引入泰锡常地区条件等全面系统分析,选出江阴铁路大桥方案为合理方案。