浅谈“洪水管理”的现代治水方略

以“洪水管理”为前提,重点从洪水管理的产生背景、基本理念和工作流程及具体措施等方面展开论述;表明希望摒弃“控制洪水”的落后行为,通过实施“洪水管理”这一现代治水方略,从而为实现人水和谐做出贡献。     

无缸套汽车柴油发动机缸体材料的研究与应用

研究了孕育剂和合金元素对灰铸铁性能的影响。试验结果表明：在灰铸铁中加入0．2％～0．25％Cr和0．4％～0．5％Cu，采用60％BaSi 40％SiFe复合孕育剂孕育处理。可以使灰铸铁强度到达250MPa以上。灰铸铁的硬度提高。组织均匀性得到改善。用所研制的铸铁材料制造的无缸套缸体具有良好的强度指标和硬度指标。经激光处理后。缸体具有良好的耐磨性。     

复合土壤胶结料在乡村公路工程中的应用研究

文章分析了复合土壤胶结料的性能特征,并结合工程实例,介绍了复合土壤胶结料在乡村公路工程中的施工工艺与应用效果,论证了复合土壤胶结料固化后的土体具有较高的强度及较好的水稳性与耐久性,可在乡村公路工程中推广应用。     

Estimation of rail passenger flow and system utilization with ticket transaction and gate data

Capturing the dynamics in passenger flow and system utilization over time and space is extremely important for railway operators. Previous studies usually estimated passenger flow using automatic fare collection data, and their applications are limited to a single stopping pattern and/or a single type of ticket. However, the conventional railway in Taiwan provides four types of ticket and five types of train service with a number of stopping patterns. This study develops a comprehensive framework and corresponding algorithms to map passenger flow and evaluate system utilization. A multinomial logit model is constructed and incorporated in the algorithms to estimate passenger train selection behavior. Results from the empirical studies demonstrate that the developed framework and algorithms can successfully match passengers with train services. With this tool, operators can efficiently examine passenger flow and service utilization, thereby quickly adjusting their service strategies accordingly to improve system performance.     

Influence of Light Distribution and Installation Style of Luminaires on Power Consumption and Lighting Effect of Tunnel Lighting北大核心CSCD

Light distribution (LD) and installation style of luminaires affect the utilization factor (UF) of luminaires, and the UF affects the luminaire power and road pavement illuminance and further the power consumption of illu- minating system and the luminous effect of road pavement. An UF model of tunnel lighting was established based on the luminaire LD data and installation parameters, in which four LD styles were adopted. For each LD the parame- ters optimization and simulation were conducted regarding four installation styles, e.g. central style, offset-of-vault style, symmetric style and staggered style. The energy-saving and the lighting effects of each LD and luminaire in- stallation style at the tunnel middle zone were studied. The results show that symmetric luminaire installation is the most energy-saving style and has the best lighting effect than the other three luminaire installation styles; the lighting effect of central luminaire installation is the second best; staggered luminaire installation is the most energy-intensive style and has the worst lighting effect except for some special-shaped LD; waterdrop-shaped LD is the most suitable one along transverse direction of tunnel and applicable to the central, offset-of-vault and symmetric luminaire instal- lation styles; symmetric butterfly-shaped LD is the most suitable one along longitudinal direction of tunnel and appli- cable to the central, offset-of-vault, staggered and symmetric luminaire installation styles; with waterdrop-shaped LD along transverse direction and symmetric butterfly-shaped LD along longitudinal direction, they are suitable for the above four luminaire installation styles, and have better energy-saving and lighting effect; as for the LD with symmetric and oblique curve, it’s better for the profile of oblique luminaire distribution to be comply with that along tunnel transverse direction, and it is suitable for the symmetric and offset-of-vault luminaire installation styles. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

长江口12.5 m深水航道运行初期的疏浚效益评价

构建疏浚货运比、疏浚单方经济效益2个相对指标,同时结合疏浚土的综合利用,评价长江口12.5 m深水航道运行初期的疏浚效益。结果表明:2011—2015年长江口深水航道疏浚货运比趋于下降,已由运行首年的1 083 m~3/万t降至2015年的765 m~3/万t,降幅近30%。近5年来,深水航道疏浚单方经济效益增加明显,2015年已达到142元/m~3,远高于目前国内疏浚费用单价。同时,用于滩涂围垦的航道疏浚土数量相当可观,有利于控制疏浚和造地成本,实现提高长江口疏浚土利用率和增加上海市土地资源战略储备量的双赢局面。当前长江口12.5 m深水航道已进入全面发挥效益的稳定运行阶段。     

液压振动锤与冲击锤组合施工工艺在AZ型钢板桩打设中的应用

针对AZ型钢板桩打设困难问题,以某人工岛钢板桩直立护岸工程为例,进行主要设备选型、桩头受力分析和桩帽替打结构设计,采用液压振动锤与冲击锤组合打设的施工工艺,解决了液压振动锤打设超过20 m后贯入力不足和液压冲击锤打设易破坏桩头的难题,取得了良好的施工效果,具有一定的推广意义。     

长江口航道疏浚土综合利用及新横沙生态成陆探索

针对长江口新水沙环境和滩涂演变的现状,以及长江口深水航道疏浚土综合利用面临的困境,以生态优先、共抓长江大保护的理念为指导,论述了后续疏浚土综合利用的紧迫性和可行性。从生态环境塑造、滩涂资源保护、长江口河势控制等方面着手,探讨了开展长江口大保护的有关路径和方法。提出了以横沙大道延伸及促淤护滩工程为依托,实现2020年后综合利用长江口深水航道疏浚土在新横沙生态成陆的具体方案。     

船舶能量流通分析及综合利用技术研究

针对船舶航行时能量浪费等问题,以柴油动力船舶为研究对象,分析船舶的能量流通情况,得出全船能量流通的初步特性,并以此为基础对船舶的能量综合利用技术开展初步研究.首先,考虑到柴油动力船舶动力由正常航行时柴油动力、应急航行时蓄电池动力两大部分组成,从源头出发,分析正常、应急航行时全船能量流通的主要环节,清理、总结能量“浪费”现象.同时,以全船用电负荷清理入手,明确长期负荷、典型负荷,对典型负荷的能量流通和利用情况开展分析;最后,提出全船能量流通存在的主要问题,并从解决问题出发提出能量综合利用的初步想法或技术方案.     

沥青路面再生过程中混合料路用特性的恢复分析

沥青路面材料的再生利用是道路交通领域固废利用及节能环保的重点项目。随着我国道路通车里程的快速增加和道路等级的不断提高,路面材料再生的质量要求也更为严格。如何达到相应的技术要求是衡量再生沥青混合料(RAP)性能质量的基本条件。在材料再生过程中,根据旧料中沥青的老化程度及矿料级配的变化等提出新料掺配的量化数据,以及专用机械设备的选取和配套作业工艺,是保证RAP用于道路铺筑质量的前提条件。