汽车挡风玻璃除霜性能数值模拟分析

本文采用计算流体力学软件STAR-CCM+对某新开发汽车除霜风道进行数值模拟。通过稳态计算来预测汽车的除霜性能,对除霜效果进行了探讨,并进行了试验。对比模拟结果和试验结果总体比较接近,验证了CFD模拟的的可靠性,为汽车挡风玻璃除霜效果模拟工程提供了参考。     

The vehicle platooning problem: Computational complexity and heuristics

We create a mathematical framework for modeling trucks traveling in road networks, and we define a routing problem called the platooning problem. We prove that this problem is NP-hard, even when the graph used to represent the road network is planar. We present integer linear programming formulations for instances of the platooning problem where deadlines are discarded, which we call the unlimited platooning problem. These allow us to calculate fuel-optimal solutions to the platooning problem for large-scale, real-world examples. The problems solved are orders of magnitude larger than problems previously solved exactly in the literature. We present several heuristics and compare their performance with the optimal solutions on the German Autobahn road network. The proposed heuristics find optimal or near-optimal solutions in most of the problem instances considered, especially when a final local search is applied. Assuming a fuel reduction factor of 10% from platooning, we find fuel savings from platooning of 1–2% for as few as 10 trucks in the road network; the percentage of savings increases with the number of trucks. If all trucks start at the same point, savings of up to 9% are obtained for only 200 trucks.     

Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: A combined CFD&DEM approach

Whilst climate change is transforming the Arctic into a navigable ocean where small ice floes are floating on the sea surface, the effect of such ice conditions on ship performance has yet to be understood. The present work combines a set of numerical methods to simulate the ship-wave-ice interaction in such ice conditions. Particularly, Computational Fluid Dynamics is applied to provide fluid solutions for the floes and it is incorporated with the Discrete Element Method to govern ice motions and account for ship-ice/ice-ice collisions, by which, the proposed approach innovatively includes ship-generated waves in the interaction. In addition, this work provides two algorithms that can implement computational models with natural ice-floe fields, which takes floe size distribution and randomness into consideration thus achieving high-fidelity modelling of the problem. Following validation against experiments, the model is shown accurate in predicting the ice-floe resistance of a ship, and then a series of simulations are performed to investigate how the resistance is influenced by ship speed, ice concentration, ice thickness and floe diameter. This paper presents a useful approach that can provide power estimates for Arctic shipping and has the potential to facilitate other polar engineering purposes.     

基于CFD的空心高墩防风超高模板优化研究

根据兰新铁路第二双线(新疆段)在风区进行高墩施工时的防风要求,提出在常规模板上再加高一段模板的高墩超高模板防风方法.运用大型商用软件FLUENT,采用计算流体动力学方法(CFD),对不同来流方向条件下、内外模板不同加高组合方案空心高墩防风超高模板的三维绕流场进行数值模拟计算,依据施工人员安全、混凝土养护和施工综合效率3个方面的折减后综合等效风速比评价防风效果,进行空心高墩防风超高模板优化研究.结果表明:由于迎风侧超高模板的阻挡作用,来流在空心墩内部形成回流,气流沿背风侧顺时针流向迎风侧,空心墩内部迎风侧风速较背风侧小,墩内迎风侧可用于施工人员的临时避风;防风超高模板采用外模板超高1.5m、内模板不超高的方案为最优,其折减后综合等效风速比为0.2.     

一种基于CBTC的动态接近锁闭区段计算方法

接近锁闭区段是判断进路是否需要延时解锁的重要依据.提出一种通过中心控制单元控制人工紧急进路解锁的方式,并着重介绍了动态接近锁闭区段计算模型,能有效缩短接近锁闭区段的长度,避免不必要的进路解锁延时,从而提高效率,具有一定应用价值.     

高原低气压增氧旅客列车车厢温度场及热舒适的CFD评价

根据青藏铁路格尔木—拉萨段客车增氧低压的环境特点,对人体热舒适评价指标进行修正。基于RNGk—ε模型,采用计算流体动力学软件(CFD),建立25T型客车的简化CFD模型,利用求解该模型获取的数据对乘客热舒适性进行评价。结果表明:靠近车厢内部中央的温度低,靠近四周壁面的高;除车窗附近2个温度测点在大气压强为101.3kPa时的温度线与大气压强为70.7kPa时的有较大差异外,其余4个测点的温度线在这2个大气压强时重合或非常接近;大气压强为101.3和70.7kPa时,6个测点的温度比大气压强为55.6kPa时高0～2℃:在车厢外气温和辐射强度相同的条件下,大气压强下降至55.6kPa时才对车厢内温度产生明显的影响;当大气压强为55.6kPa时,受气流影响,坐在靠近走廊座位且面对来流方向乘客的热舒适性比在大气压强为101.3和70.7kPa时更接近中性,而坐在靠阴面侧壁座位且背对来流方向乘客的热舒适性比在大气压强为70.7kPa时更接近中性;坐在靠近阳面侧壁座位乘客的热舒适性指标为0.1～0.4,介于中性和稍热之间;而坐在其他座位乘客的热舒适性指标为-1.0～-0.6,介于中性和稍冷之间。由此可推断:大气压强和座位在车厢内的位置是影响车厢内乘客热舒适的主要因素。     

木林桥1号、2号大桥30m预应力T梁钢模板侧模力学检算

通过从钢模板侧模的钢板厚度、横肋、竖肋3个方面对其强度及刚度进行检算,确定是否满足30 m预应力T梁钢模板侧模的强度及刚度要求。     

船舶CFD不确定度分析方法述评

船舶CFD技术已越来越显示其"数值水池"的巨大潜力和广阔前景;CFD的不确定度分析也就成为"数值水池"实用化的技术瓶颈之一。以"量值溯源"为基础的测量不确定分析方法体系(如ISO-GUM)并不适用于数值模拟。自AIAA于1998年发布"CFD不确定度分析导则"以来,关于CFD不确定度分析的技术术语和定义已逐步取得统一。2009年ASME发布了"CFD不确定度分析标准"并成为美国标准,必将有力地推动CFD不确定度分析的广泛应用和方法统一。文中首先对AIAA和ASME方法进行了综述,重点评述了"数值计算不确定度"(numerical uncertainty)的评定方法;其后,对ITTC现有规程(2008年修订)以及最新进展进行了简要的总结。文中还对如何将CFD不确定分析与船舶CFD实际应用相结合的问题给出了初步建议。     

潜艇操纵水动力数值预报网格与湍流模型选取研究

针对采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值方法预报潜艇操纵水动力中,网格划分和湍流模型选择的问题。以SUBO)FF潜艇模型为对象,对不同网格分辨率的模型进行了水动力计算,对网格的收敛性进行了研究,采用五种不同湍流模型,计算得到了不同漂角下潜艇所受水动力,并和试验结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,在采用CFD数值方法预报潜艇操纵水动力时,纵向力对网格分辨率有较高要求,而侧向力和力矩对网格分辨率要求较低,在湍流模型选择上,采用标准k-ω湍流模型能够获得与试验结果更相符合的计算结果,是目前硬件条件下潜艇水动力CFD预报比较合适的一种湍流模型。     

轿车空调风道的计算流体动力学分析

本文利用三维不可压缩流体的k-ε湍流模型，供助计算流体动力学（CFD）方法，建立了结构复杂的轿车风道模型，以某典型轿车空调系统风道为例，分别在制冷、取暖工况下，对其主体部分的流动特性进行分析，部分分析结果与实验进行了对比。