船舶机舱机械通风数值模拟分析和优化设计

某海监船在进行机舱机械通风效用试验时,发现存在舱内气流分布不均、风速梯度变化较大、部分船员操作和活动区域温度偏高等问题。为解决上述问题,利用CFD技术对该船机舱机械通风系统进行数值分析,并提出机舱气流改进方案。随后,选取优化前、后的典型截面进行分析,指出在保证舱内适当负压的情况下可将机械送风改为机械抽风,从而实现机舱进风量增加50%,并消除舱内气流大漩涡和改善气流组织。此外,还提出可在右舷开一个新增风口,以更有效消除气流漩涡,并降低局部温度。结果显示,该优化方案能够满足海船规范要求且施工方便,对于工程设计具有一定的参考价值。     

船-舵-桨的水动力干扰效应研究

基于计算流体力学方法,结合滑移网格技术与动网格技术,实现了带自由面的双桨双舵舰船的直航与斜拖的数值模拟试验,并根据数值模拟所得到的若干数据求取了桨的实效伴流系数ω_p、流入舵的纵向有效速度u_R与有效冲角α_R、操舵诱导横向力关于舵力的修正因子α_H及其距舰船重心的无量纲距离x"_H等船、舵、桨相互干扰系数。数值模拟结果与权威水池试验结果相比对,吻合良好。     

An adaptive neural network-fuzzy linear regression approach for improved car ownership estimation and forecasting in complex and uncertain environments: the case of Iran

This paper applies a novel adaptive approach consisting of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Linear Regression (FLR) to improve car ownership forecasting in complex, ambiguous, and uncertain environments. This integrated approach is applied to forecast car ownership in Iran from 1930 to 2007. In this study, the level of car ownership is viewed as the result of demographic, politico-social, and urban structure factors including average family size, total population density, urban population density, urbanization rate, gross national product per capita, gasoline price, and total road length. To capture the potential complexity, uncertainty, and linearity relation between the car ownership function and its determinants, ANN and FLR (including eight well-known FLR) approaches are applied to the collected data. Next, the preferred ANN is selected based on sensitivity analysis results for the test data while the preferred FLR is identified with regard to ANOVA and MAPE results. The results obtained from the performance comparison demonstrate the considerable superiority of the preferred ANN over the preferred FLR regarding the nonlinear and complex nature of the car ownership function in Iran. This is the first study that presents an ANN-FLR approach for car ownership forecasting capable of handling complexity and non-linearity, uncertainty, pre-processing, and post-processing.     

航空公司动态价格竞争复杂性与延迟反馈控制

为深入研究航空公司动态价格竞争的复杂性及延迟反馈控制方法的有效性, 综合运用有限理性决策理论与非线性动力学理论,构建航空公司动态价格竞争博弈模 型,分析航空公司复杂的动力学行为,研究针对系统变量、系统参数的两类延迟反馈控制 方法的有效性与差异性.研究结果表明,航空公司价格调整速度对模型的复杂性有显著影 响;选取合适的控制因子,两类延迟反馈控制方法都能对陷入混沌的动态价格竞争模型 实施有效地混沌控制;两类延迟反馈控制方法在控制因子取值范围、收敛速度等方面存 有显著差异;控制因子取值对系统的收敛速度呈规律性影响趋势.     

一种新的分区回溯算法

在传统回溯算法及其时间和空间复杂性的研究基础上,提出了一种通用混合回溯方法——基于分区的回溯算法,在空间和时间代价较小的情况下,它能找到全部解,并且通过N皇后问题进行了实验,获得了较好的结果,说明该算法是可行的和有效的。     

地铁火灾人员逃生的模拟与分析

本文针对地铁火灾人员逃生这一问题,系统分析了地铁火灾与人员逃生过程与特点,在此基础上,提出了地铁火灾人员疏散时间计算模型。通过实验与软件,对地铁火灾的烟气的温度与扩散进行模拟,确定了地铁火灾人员疏散可用时间,总结了人员疏散所需时间的计算方法。结合了上海某地铁站的实例进行安全性分析,使得本文所提出地铁火灾疏散时间模型得以运用。     

Investigating the predictive performance of computational process activity-based transportation models

The aim of this paper is to achieve a better understanding of computational process activity-based models, by identifying factors that influence the predictive performance of A Learning-based Transportation Oriented Simulation System model. Therefore, the work activity process model, which includes six decision steps, is investigated. The manner of execution in the process model contains two features, activation dependency and attribute interdependence. Activation dependency branches the execution of the simulation while attribute interdependence involves the inclusion of the decision outcome of a decision step as an attribute to subsequent decision steps. The model is experimented with by running the simulation in four settings. The performance of the models is assessed at three validation levels: the classifier or decision step level, the activity pattern sequence level and the origin–destination matrix level. The results of the validation analysis reveal more understanding of the model. Benchmarks and factors affecting the predictive performance of computational activity-based models are identified.     

基于均衡使用要求的飞机排班算法

为解决基于均衡使用要求的飞机排班问题，引入航班节的概念，并对飞机一航班节之间的匹配性约束作松弛处理，然后通过构造航班节的网络模型，将基于飞机均衡使用要求的飞机排班问题转化为寻找一个使目标函数最小的航班节编组方案问题，根据飞机的均衡使用要求构造了目标函数，设计了一种基于模拟退火算法的启发式算法。该算法的计算复杂性为O(M(m^3 mn))。     

3D Surface Editing Based on Level-Sets

A novel method which integrates the topological flexibility of the level-set approach and the simplicity of point-sampled surfaces is proposed. The grid structure resulted from the level-set approach not only offers a wide range of powerful surface editing techniques for the point set surface editing, but also facilitates the topological change with ease. With the aid of point-based resampling, the method updates the surface shape of the point-based geometry quickly without worrying about point connectivity at all. The point set surface can also change its topology properly whenever a collision with other parts of itself is detected. The experiment demonstrates their effectiveness on several scanned objects and scan-converted models. Four examples of surface editing operations： smoothing, tapering, deforming, and Boolean operations, are presented.     

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首先综述了当今关于小世界网络、无标度网络以及复杂加权网络的最新研究成果，并从城市交通系统的角度出发，指出了综合利用复杂网络理论、动态系统理论、现代控制理论及交通科学和工程等多学科的理论与方法，在探索城市交通网络的时空复杂性及其演化机理，揭示交通流的演化过程，缓解和预防交通拥堵，指导交通实践等方面，都具有重大的科学理论意义与实际应用价值，是值得深入研究与探讨的大问题。并进一步指出了一些今后关于城市交通网络复杂性问题的研究主题。