粒料桩复合地基承载力发挥值试验研究

结合实体公路工程,通过现场试验段土压力监测,计算复合地基承载力发挥值;结合破坏模式,对其复合地基承载力发挥值进行分析。研究结果表明:粒料桩复合地基按照土体先破坏计算的复合地基承载力发挥值,接近现场载荷试验结果,复合地基承载力可通过桩墩间土压力进行计算确定;不论是强夯置换砾石墩还是振动砾石桩,其破坏形式是桩（墩）间土先破坏引起的整个复合地基的破坏。     

静液压储能传动汽车动力源系统的匹配效率

为了便于进行汽车动力源系统的参数选择和设计，在试验数据的基础上运用曲面拟合和二维插值的方法，通过模拟计算绘制了液压泵的特性等值曲线；综合发动机和液压泵的特性曲线，分剐对发动机与液压变量泵、定量泵进行了匹配效率分析；考虑蓄能器的效率，建立了发动机与液压泵、蓄能器的效率数学模型以及效率脉谱图，定义了系统效率概念并以此评价动力源系统的经济性，得出了发动机与变量泵、定量泵匹配的效率关系以及动力源系统的最佳工作范围。     

影响老年人步行效能的关键性建成环境要素识别

针对当前建成环境与老年人步行活动关系研究中,考虑个体主观感知嵌套于建成环境空间层次的不足,本文通过构建主观感知、建成环境与老年人步行距离效能的多阶层线性模型,以揭示各层级变量交互作用的本质和程度.结果显示:安全性、通畅性是老年人步行效能的主观敏感性因素;客观建成环境要素对不同步行距离效能存在一致性或差异性影响,其中,交...     

The vehicle platooning problem: Computational complexity and heuristics

We create a mathematical framework for modeling trucks traveling in road networks, and we define a routing problem called the platooning problem. We prove that this problem is NP-hard, even when the graph used to represent the road network is planar. We present integer linear programming formulations for instances of the platooning problem where deadlines are discarded, which we call the unlimited platooning problem. These allow us to calculate fuel-optimal solutions to the platooning problem for large-scale, real-world examples. The problems solved are orders of magnitude larger than problems previously solved exactly in the literature. We present several heuristics and compare their performance with the optimal solutions on the German Autobahn road network. The proposed heuristics find optimal or near-optimal solutions in most of the problem instances considered, especially when a final local search is applied. Assuming a fuel reduction factor of 10% from platooning, we find fuel savings from platooning of 1–2% for as few as 10 trucks in the road network; the percentage of savings increases with the number of trucks. If all trucks start at the same point, savings of up to 9% are obtained for only 200 trucks.     

Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: A combined CFD&DEM approach

Whilst climate change is transforming the Arctic into a navigable ocean where small ice floes are floating on the sea surface, the effect of such ice conditions on ship performance has yet to be understood. The present work combines a set of numerical methods to simulate the ship-wave-ice interaction in such ice conditions. Particularly, Computational Fluid Dynamics is applied to provide fluid solutions for the floes and it is incorporated with the Discrete Element Method to govern ice motions and account for ship-ice/ice-ice collisions, by which, the proposed approach innovatively includes ship-generated waves in the interaction. In addition, this work provides two algorithms that can implement computational models with natural ice-floe fields, which takes floe size distribution and randomness into consideration thus achieving high-fidelity modelling of the problem. Following validation against experiments, the model is shown accurate in predicting the ice-floe resistance of a ship, and then a series of simulations are performed to investigate how the resistance is influenced by ship speed, ice concentration, ice thickness and floe diameter. This paper presents a useful approach that can provide power estimates for Arctic shipping and has the potential to facilitate other polar engineering purposes.     

基于万吨溢油回收船的平面被动式减摇水舱优化和模型试验

为进一步掌握平面被动式减摇水舱内水位的变化对减摇效率的影响规律,以某万吨级溢油回收船为研究对象,选择5档水舱水位和无水状态分别进行静水横摇衰减模型试验、规则波模型试验和4级海况下的不规则波模型试验,对减摇水舱内水位的变化对目标船固有周期、阻尼特性和减摇效率的影响规律进行对比分析。研究结果表明:水舱内的水位增加对目标船的横摇固有周期和阻尼系数都有影响;当水舱内的水位在水舱总高的50%以内时,减摇效率随水位的增加而提高;当水舱内的水位在水舱总高的50%~60%范围内时,减摇效率最高;当水舱内的水位在水舱总高的60%以上时,减摇效率有下降的趋势。     

UUV线式搜索集群探潜作业效能评估方法

针对UUV探潜作业任务,建立UUV线式搜索集群探潜作业效能评估模型,并进行集群探潜作业效能评估,给出UUV集群搜索发现目标概率。     

Comparative evaluation of resource cycle strategies on operating and environmental impact in container terminals

This paper examines the use of single and dual cycle operations for three types of resources, namely, quay cranes, vehicles, and yard cranes to improve the operating efficiency and reduce the energy consumption in a container terminal. Various cycle strategies are proposed and their corresponding estimation models, describing the stowage distributions of outbound and inbound containers on a ship and the storage sharing level of blocks in the yard, are formulated to estimate the total number of cycles for the resources. Statistical analyses are conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of different cycle strategies on the cycle reductions. From the experiment results, it was found that collaboration between resources with the single cycle operation always outperforms that under the dual cycle operation without collaboration.     

影响集装箱码头作业区检查桥效率的几个问题

基于集装箱码头作业区的生产特性,详细论述了海关、闸口信息采集、闸口停时、堆场、交通设施和查验场地等环节对检查桥效率的影响。     

海水过滤器长效保护新技术

通过对船舶海水过滤器使用环境、现有保护方法分析,提出全新解决海水过滤器防蚀防污技术。