油码头管理措施

阐述了现阶段油码头存在的问题,着重介绍了航运公司的整改措施,简单介绍了海事管理部门的整改措施,以期减少油码头溢油风险概率,保护海洋环境。     

航空遥感监视监测溢油方案构想

结合海事部门溢油应急及巡航监管现状,分析了开展航空遥感监视监测溢油的意义和必要性,并在对航空遥感监视监测溢油技术进行研究和充分调研的基础上,提出了基本的建设方案。     

溢油应急设备检测机制的构建

文章在分析国内外溢油应急设备检测现状的基础上,充分结合实际情况,探讨了建立我国溢油应急设备检测机制的必要性并提出了建议。     

Public transport policy for central-city travel in the light of recent experiences of congestion charging

Excellent public transport which makes the private car a minority mode of central-city travel is a necessary condition for a political process towards the introduction of congestion charges. However, the charging system costs in London and Stockholm have proved to be unexpectedly high. Therefore, before these costs come down to an affordable level, zero-fares for central-city travel and stricter parking policy would be a first-best combination in many cities, always provided that the public transport is really competitive. A bold venture in public transport development is consequently the top priority irrespective of the transport pricing policy direction.     

Transaction costs and tradable mobility credits

Artificial markets for mobility credits have been proposed as an alternative to conventional congestion pricing schemes. This paper examines the effects of transaction costs on two types of markets: an auction market and a negotiated market. In an auction market, users purchase all of the needed mobility credits through a competitive bidding process. In a negotiated market, the users initially receive certain amount of mobility credits from the government and trade with each other through negotiation to fulfill their needs. We assume that a brokerage service is built in both markets to facilitate transactions and accordingly, the users have to pay a commission fee proportional to the value of trade. The users are also given the option to purchase credits from the government if for some reasons they cannot use or wish to avoid the markets. Our analyses suggest that the auction market can achieve the desired equilibrium allocation of mobility credits as long as the government sets its price properly and the unit transaction cost is lower than the price that the market would reach in absence of transaction costs. However, in the negotiated market, transaction costs could divert the system from the desired equilibrium regardless of their magnitude. More importantly, the initial allocation of mobility credits may affect the final equilibrium even when marginal transaction costs are constant.     

Traffic management project in Phnom Penh

Traffic congestion and accidents are major issues in Phnom Penh, the capital city of the Kingdom of Cambodia. An inefficient signal system and lack of traffic discipline contributed to the unfavorable traffic conditions. A comprehensive traffic management project was recently implemented. An area traffic control system that controls traffic signals in the city based on the traffic conditions was introduced, and other traffic management improvement works such as pavement markings, traffic signs, and median dividers were installed. The project is making a positive impact on road users. Efficient operation and maintenance are key factors for the project to sustain its benefits.     

襄樊汉江一桥交通拥堵原因与解决方案分析

襄樊汉江一桥紧接樊城中心与襄城中心,承载主要城区间交通联系.伴随地区经济发展,机动车保有量逐年上升,交通拥堵成为过江交通的主要特征.从交通中心、医疗资源中心、商业中心分布等角度探讨了交通拥堵原因.最后从交通组织与控制,职能外迁及路面工程角度提出了改善拥堵行为的解决方案.     

海上溢油微型跟踪浮标研究与应用

文中介绍了海上溢油微型跟踪浮标的技术特点和研究情况,通过水动力学研究,优化了微型跟踪浮标技术参数,采用卫星定位通讯方式实现海上溢油的全天候全过程监测,海上试验效果良好,为海上溢油事故应急快速反应提供了一种有效技术手段。     

风场作用下趸船区域溢油动态模拟研究

以舟山定海港区某油库码头为背景建立了风场作用下的趸船区域溢油动态模型。针对趸船区域可能产生油品溢漏的位置,对趸船区域的溢油运动情况进行了模拟分析。模拟结果显示,当泄漏油品为柴油(850kg/m3,0.003825Pa·s)、泄漏点宽度为0.5m、油品泄漏速度为1m/s时,受风场作用,发生在趸船附近的溢油事故,其溢漏油品不仅随潮水运动流动,还会大量的在码头与岸线之间的区域及码头两端部附近产生积聚。在进行溢油事故快速控制和污油回收时,需要重点针对该区域进行监控防治。     

Congestion pricing for Latin America: Prospects and constraints

In an effort to reduce the adverse impacts of the car and promote sustainable transport in Latin America, some governments have either implemented travel demand management policies or have considered ways of directly reducing the number of vehicles in congested areas. While demand management measures have been promoted in a small number of countries, including vehicular restrictions as well as the promotion of public transport modes, there are currently no congestion pricing programmes in operation in Latin America. This paper begins with an overview of travel demand management, including its principal aims as well as its primary objectives within the Latin American context. It discusses past efforts to promote traffic restraint and perspectives for developing congestion pricing schemes in both São Paulo and Santiago. Finally, it examines the potential role of congestion pricing as a demand management tool. While it is one of the most effective demand management measures in the industrialised world, a number of barriers currently prevent it from being widely adopted in Latin America.