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161.
162.
Metin Celik Y. Ilker Topcu 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(7):502-506
While maritime pollution is often caused at the operational level, the causes can generally be traced back to shortcomings in the ship–shore interface and to poor communication among stakeholders. Here, the environmental responsibilities of maritime stakeholders are systematically analyzed and quantified using an analytic network process. This approach ensures that the most important dependencies and feedbacks among the responsibilities which is applied to a real marine situation (an oil spill) to validate the theoretical basis. A number of latent links between stakeholders’ responsibilities and the catastrophic impacts of the spill are identified. 相似文献
163.
通过分析目前我国对于海上溢油应急设备标准的需求及存在的问题,并结合国内外对于溢油应急设备标准及交通环保标准体系的相关研究,提出我国海上溢油应急设备标准体系的构思及框架图,并对该体系在行业发展中的顺利实施提出相关建议。 相似文献
164.
针对目前城市交通拥堵日益严重的情况,利用先进的技术手段及管理策略,是当今解决城市交通拥堵的一个发展趋势。本文以广州智能交通管理指挥系统项目为背景,研究在该项目中如何利用先进的拥堵管理策略进行城市拥堵区分和管理。 相似文献
165.
通过基于水面机器人的溢油回收处理装置搭载平台的摆动模型的建立,运用Matlab数值仿真的方法,分析在波浪影响下船摆动时,影响吊重摆角变化的因素.结果表明,吊重做复杂的规律变化,摆角随绳长变短而变大,随回收船摆动角速度变大而变大.据此我们可以综合考虑,设计出合理的结构,有效的保证平台工作的平稳性以及安全性. 相似文献
166.
A methodology for optimizing variable pedestrian evacuation guidance in buildings with convex polygonal interior spaces is proposed. The optimization of variable guidance is a bi-level problem. The calculation of variable guidance based on the prediction of congestion and hazards is the upper-level problem. The prediction of congestion provided the variable guidance is the lower-level problem. A local search procedure is developed to solve the problem. The proposed methodology has three major contributions. First, a logistic regression model for guidance compliance behavior is calibrated using a virtual reality experiment and the critical factors for the behavior are identified. Second, the guidance compliance and following behaviors are considered in the lower-level problem. Third, benchmarks are calculated to evaluate the performance of optimized variable guidance, including the lower bound of the maximum evacuation time and the maximum evacuation time under a fixed guidance. Finally, the proposed methodology is validated with numerical examples. Results show that the method has the potential to reduce evacuation time in emergencies. 相似文献
167.
This paper develops a mathematical model and solution procedure to identify an optimal zonal pricing scheme for automobile traffic to incentivize the expanded use of transit as a mechanism to stem congestion and the social costs that arise from that congestion. The optimization model assumes that there is a homogenous collection of users whose behavior can be described as utility maximizers and for which their utility function is driven by monetary costs. These monetary costs are assumed to be the tolls in place, the per mile cost to drive, and the value of their time. We assume that there is a system owner who sets the toll prices, collects the proceeds from the tolls, and invests those funds in transit system improvements in the form of headway reductions. This yields a bi-level optimization model which we solve using an iterative procedure that is an integration of a genetic algorithm and the Frank–Wolfe method. The method and solution procedure is applied to an illustrative example. 相似文献
168.
Based on an across-the-board survey conducted among residents of Stockholm, Helsinki and Lyon, we explore the opinions on three policy measures to combat road congestion: congestion charging, free public transport and building more roads. The support for the two latter policies is substantially higher than the support for congestion charging, which is only supported by a majority in Stockholm. Self-interest is important for the formation of the opinion to all three policies. However, fundamental values and general political views, indicated by four attitudinal factors, are even more important in forming opinions towards the three transport policies. Of all attitudinal factors, the one indicating environmental concern most influences the support for all policies. Equity concerns, however, increase the support for free public transport and opposition to taxation increases the support for building more roads.Our results further suggest that the opinions towards free public transport and building more roads can be mapped along the left–right political axis, where Environment and Equity are to the left and Pricing and Taxation are to the right. However, the opinion towards congestion charging cuts right through the political spectrum. The impact of the fundamental values and self-interest variables are similar for Stockholm and Helsinki, indicating that even if experience increases the overall support for charging, it does not change the relative strength of different political arguments to any major extent. 相似文献
169.
Path-differentiated congestion pricing is a tolling scheme that imposes tolls on paths instead of individual links. One way to implement this scheme is to deploy automated vehicle identification sensors, such as toll tag readers or license plate scanners, on roads in a network. These sensors collect vehicles’ location information to identify their paths and charge them accordingly. In this paper, we investigate how to optimally locate these sensors for the purpose of implementing path-differentiated pricing. We consider three relevant problems. The first is to locate a minimum number of sensors to implement a given path-differentiated scheme. The second is to design an optimal path-differentiated pricing scheme for a given set of sensors. The last problem is to find a path differentiated scheme to induce a given target link-flow distribution while requiring a minimum number of sensors. 相似文献
170.
基于V-支持向量分类机的交通事件检测方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于支持向量机在解决分类问题的优势,本文提出基于V-支持向量分类机的交通事件检测方法。首先把交通事件是否发生看成是一个特殊的分类问题,选取V-支持向量分类机和核函数,根据以往的交通事件是否发生的检测数据,即分别在发生交通事件和不发生交通事件两种情况下的上下游车道占有率,计算出其当前时段的上下游车道占有率的绝对差、相对差,以及下游前两时段与当前时段车道占有率的相对差,以此作为V-支持向量分类机的输入,对其进行训练,然后输入现阶段检测到的相应车道占有率统计结果,利用训练完成的V-支持向量分类机来判别是否发生交通事件。最后,本文以微观交通模拟的数据验证模型的效果。 相似文献