溢油应急培训现状与思考

分析了溢油应急培训现状及存在的实际问题,并在此基础上提出了加强溢油应急培训的意见和建议。     

模糊综合评价法在船舶溢油事故定级中的应用

对船舶溢油事故定级很有必要.通过模糊数学的方法,建立船舶溢油事故定级的评判模型,为事故定级评判提供了依据.通过实例,给出了具体的评价过程,证明该方法对于船舶溢油事故定级有借鉴作用,但此方法尚处于研究阶段.     

航标部门参与溢油清污应急的经验与思考

文中从我国航标管理机构参与海上溢油应急反应实践入手,总结了在该工作中的经验和启示,并对比发展需要和发达国家实践提出了加强航标机构溢油应急反应能力建设的建议。     

The Gothenburg congestion charge. Effects,design and politics

This paper summarizes the traffic effects of the Gothenburg congestion charges introduced in 2013. The system is similar to the system introduced in Stockholm in 2006; both are designed as time-of-day dependent cordon pricing systems. We find that many effects and adaptation strategies are similar to those found in Stockholm, indicating a high transferability between smaller and larger cities with substantial differences in public transport use. However, there are also important differences regarding some of the effects, the accuracy of the model forecasts and public support arising from different topologies, public transport use, congestion levels and main objectives communicated to the public. Finally, the Gothenburg case suggests that whether congestion charges are introduced or not depends on the support among the political parties, and that this is determined primarily by the prevailing institutional setting and power over revenues, and to a lower extent by the public support, and benefits from congestion reduction.     

基于GPS技术的实时拥挤收费系统

通过拥挤收费来缓解中心城市交通拥挤,是交通管理者探讨的一个热点,也出现了一些成功实施的案例。针对目前ERP系统的不足,本文利用ITS先进技术将拥挤收费与交通信息平台相结合,提出一个基于GPS技术的实时拥挤收费系统,描述了系统的工作流程与基本功能,并且建立起多车型多准则弹性需求下的拥挤收费费率优化双层规划模型。     

船舶溢油应急处置组织间关联关系形式化描述

为形式化描述船舶溢油应急处置流程中相关组织间的联系,首先利用集合论思想,将应急处置流程抽象为任务集、实体集和联系集的组合,并基于事故报告、应急计划启动、应急方案生成和应急方案执行4个阶段进行形式化描述,在此基础上,给出应急处置流程中的相关组织间的联系网络。研究表明:任务集、实体集和联系集3个不交集合可以覆盖应急处置的全部行为要素,集中式的组织结构可以提高组织的时效性。     

现场燃烧技术在溢油应急处置中的应用

针对现场燃烧技术在溢油应急处置过程中的应用,分析现场燃烧技术的适用条件及优缺点,结合现场燃烧技术的相关政策法规、实施程序、健康安全环保指标、燃烧后评估方法比较与其他应急措施相比的优势。针对现场燃烧技术在2010年墨西哥湾溢油事故中的应用进行案例分析,结果表明现场燃烧技术是一种快速、高效、低成本的溢油清理方法。     

船载溢油雷达监测技术研究

基于海洋石油251环保作业船安装的溢油监测雷达系统开展溢油监测实验,结果表明溢油雷达系统在监测范围内,可以有效地搜索到溢油,并能估算溢油的面积及准确定位油膜。     

Robust optimization of distance-based tolls in a network considering stochastic day to day dynamics

This paper investigates the nonlinear distance-based congestion pricing in a network considering stochastic day-to-day dynamics. After an implementation/adjustment of a congestion pricing scheme, the network flows in a certain period of days are not on an equilibrium state, thus it is problematic to take the equilibrium-based indexes as the pricing objective. Therefore, the concept of robust optimization is taken for the congestion toll determination problem, which takes into account the network performance of each day. First, a minimax model which minimizes the maximum regret on each day is proposed. Taking as a constraint of the minimax model, a path-based day to day dynamics model under stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) constraints is discussed in this paper. It is difficult to solve this minimax model by exact algorithms because of the implicity of the flow map function. Hence, a two-phase artificial bee colony algorithm is developed to solve the proposed minimax regret model, of which the first phase solves the minimal expected total travel cost for each day and the second phase handles the minimax robust optimization problem. Finally, a numerical example is conducted to validate the proposed models and methods.     

Measuring risk aversion to guide transportation policy: Contexts,incentives, and respondents

Road pricing may provide a solution to increasing traffic congestion in metropolitan areas. Route, departure time and travel mode choices depend on risk attitudes as commuters perceive the options as having uncertain effects on travel times. We propose that Experimental Economics methods can deliver data that uses real consequences and where the context can be varied by the researcher. The approach relies on the controlled manipulation of contexts, similar to what is done in the Stated Choice approach, but builds in actual consequences, similar to the Revealed Preference approach. This paper investigates some of the trade-offs between the cost of conducting Experimental Economics studies and the behavioral responses elicited. In particular, we compare responses to traditional lottery choice tasks to the route choice tasks in simulated driving environments. We also compare students (a low cost convenient participant pool) to field participants recruited from the driving population. While we see initial differences across our treatment groups, we find that their risk taking behavior converge with minimal repetition.