Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose

Proper rail geometry in the crossing part is essential for reducing damage on the nose rail. To improve the dynamic behaviour of turnout crossings, a numerical optimisation approach to minimise rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and wear in the crossing panel by varying the nose rail shape is presented in the paper. The rail geometry is parameterised by defining several control cross-sections along the crossing. The dynamic vehicle–turnout interaction as a function of crossing geometry is analysed using the VI-Rail package. In formulation of the optimisation problem a combined weighted objective function is used consisting of the normal contact pressure and the energy dissipation along the crossing responsible for RCF and wear, respectively. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by adapting the multipoint approximation method and a number of compromised solutions have been found for various sets of weight coefficients. Dynamic behaviour of the crossing has been significantly improved after optimisations. Comparing with the reference design, the heights of the nose rail are notably increased in the beginning of the crossing; the nominal thicknesses of the nose rail are also changed. All the optimum designs work well under different track conditions.     

Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

稀浆封层路面成型机理与压实工艺

通过对稀浆封层施工工艺分析,简要阐述了稀浆封层路面的成型机理,提出了选用合理的压实工艺是一种提高稀浆封层施工质量与效率的重要方法。并且主要从碾压方式的选择、专用压实设备的选择与使用这2个方面,对稀浆封层路面的压实工艺进行了探讨。     

压浆技术在处理水泥路面唧泥及板底脱空问题上的应用研究

通过对水泥路面唧泥及板底脱空问题的分析,采用压浆技术进行处理,在试验分析的基础上提出了合适的材料配比、技术要求及施工工艺,对水泥路面基层设计及水泥路面预防性养护具有一定的实践理论指导意义。     

浅谈移动模架造桥机施工

移动模架造桥机具有施工质量好，操作简便、安全，工期短，成本低廉等特点，广泛应用于连续梁或连续刚构桥的施工中。结合贵州镇胜高速公路坝陵河大桥东引桥工程实际，介绍移动模架造桥机的结构原理及其施工工艺。     

汽车仪表指针控制技术

主要介绍汽车组合仪表指针控制技术，回顾了仪表指针控制技术的发展历程，并对每种控制技术的主要特点进行了详细阐述。     

掏挖法地下连续墙施工工艺的研究

在扩建和改建的地下工程中,经常遇见施工区域内存在大量纵横交错的地下管线,对这些管线的拆除,不仅严重影响工程进度和公用设施的正常运行,而且严重影响了施工工期,更带来巨大的经济浪费。该文阐述一种在不进行管线切改的前提下进行地下连续墙施工的特殊方法,旨在促进地下连续墙的施工工艺得到进一步完善和提高。     

浅层压浆技术在提高沥青混凝土路面强度中的应用

重点介绍浅层压浆技术在惠河高速公路提高沥青砼路面强度中的实践应用,解决了路面结构强度不足的问题,保证了行车舒适性和安全性。该施工工艺费用低、操作简单、工效高。     

顶管技术在十六浦排涝站工程中的应用

该文介绍了顶管技术在十六浦排涝站排水体系工程建设中的应用情况,总结出在复杂地层中采用该非明挖技术构建排水管道的施工经验。通过该工程的成功应用,提高了顶管的技术水平和应用范围。