Superpave技术应用于醴茶高速公路沥青路面的可行性分析

在介绍Superpave技术和分析马歇尔设计方法存在问题的基础上,分析了Superpave技术应用醴茶高速公路沥青路面的可行性。应用Superpave理念对醴茶高速路面结构进行了优化,对比了优化方案的经济性,同时对Superpave的施工要点进行分析,以保证Superpave技术在施工中能够得到良好实现。     

朔黄铁路调度优化系统研究

为提高轴重300 k N以上重载铁路运输效率,建立基于车-地连续通信的调度优化系统,通过对历史运行数据进行充分的分析计算,得出优化的列车运行计划,并实时监督列车的运行状况,优化行车密度,实时调整运行计划,从而优化列车运行策略,提高效益。     

多换乘点响应型接驳公交运行线路的协调优化

为尽量降低响应型接驳公交系统的运行费用，提出多换乘点间运行线路协调设计的构想。针对同时包含预约需求和实时需求的混合需求，构建多换乘点响应型接驳公交系统运行线路的2阶段协调优化方法，并设计优化流程。第1阶段仅考虑预约需求，首先将预约乘客按有/无特定换乘点要求进行分类，在此基础上构建预约需求下多换乘点多车辆运行线路的协调优化模型。在协调优化模型中，优化目标是由乘客时间费用、车辆运行费用、以及惩罚费用所构成的系统总成本最小；乘客时间费用包括乘客候车时间的惩罚费用、车内乘客在需求点的等待时间费用以及乘客车上时间的惩罚费用3个部分；车辆运行费用包括车辆启动费用、路段行驶费用、需求点的停靠费用、车辆早到引起的等待费用4个部分；考虑的约束条件包括乘客候车和车上的软时间窗、乘客换乘点要求、车辆容量、车辆出行时长等。第2阶段根据规则判断是否响应实时需求，并根据响应情况重新优化后续各班次的运行线路。针对第1阶段模型，基于模拟退火算法设计求解算法。研究表明：在预约需求或混合需求条件下，与各换乘点运行线路独自优化相比，协调优化方法均能显著降低运送全部响应乘客所需的平均运行距离和平均总成本；仅有预约需求时分别降低5.4%、19.8%，新增实时需求后分别减少1.4%、21.7%；与固定发车间隔相比，分时段调整发车间隔，也能有效降低运送全部响应乘客所需的平均运行距离和平均总成本，仅有预约需求时分别降低18.2%、17.2%，新增实时需求后分别减少19.97%、25.06%，说明多换乘点间车辆路径的协调运行是提升响应型接驳公交运行效率的有效途径。     

An optimization model of energy and transportation systems: Assessing the high-speed rail impacts in the United States

This paper presents a long-term investment planning model that co-optimizes infrastructure investments and operations across transportation and electric infrastructure systems for meeting the energy and transportation needs in the United States. The developed passenger transportation model is integrated within the modeling framework of a National Long-term Energy and Transportation Planning (NETPLAN) software, and the model is applied to investigate the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) investments on interstate passenger transportation portfolio, fuel and electricity consumption, and 40-year cost and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The results show that there are feasible scenarios under which significant HSR penetration can be achieved, leading to reasonable decrease in national long-term CO₂ emissions and costs. At higher HSR penetration of approximately 30% relative to no HSR in the portfolio promises a 40-year cost savings of up to $0.63 T, gasoline and jet fuel consumption reduction of up to 34% for interstate passenger trips, CO₂ emissions reduction by about 0.8 billion short tons, and increased resilience against petroleum price shocks. Additionally, sensitivity studies with respect to light-duty vehicle mode share reveal that in order to realize such long-term cost and emission benefits, a change in the passenger mode choice is essential to ensure higher ridership for HSR.     

Maximizing net benefits for conventional and flexible bus services

Transit ridership is usually sensitive to fares, travel times, waiting times, and access times, among other factors. Therefore, the elasticities of demand with respect to such factors should be considered in modeling bus transit services and must be considered when maximizing net benefits (i.e. “system welfare” = consumer surplus + producer surplus) rather just minimizing costs. In this paper welfare is maximized with elastic demand relations for both conventional (fixed route) and flexible-route services in systems with multiple dissimilar regions and periods. As maximum welfare formulations are usually too complex for exact solutions, they have only been used in a few studies focused on conventional transit services. This limitation is overcome here for both conventional and flexible transit services by using a Real Coded Genetic Algorithm to solve such mixed integer nonlinear welfare maximization problems with constraints on capacities and subsidies. The optimized variables include service type, zone sizes, headways and fares. We also determine the maximum welfare threshold between optimized conventional and flexible services) and explore the effects of subsidies. The proposed planning models should be useful in selecting the service type and optimizing other service characteristics based on local geographic characteristics and financial constraints.     

基于多目标遗传算法的复式转叶舵机结构优化

针对舰船转叶舵机运动时舵叶与水动力之间存在强力位耦合的问题,设计一种新型复式液压摆动缸转舵机构。为减小结构整体占地面积,基于多目标遗传算法(Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, MOGA)建立以复式摆动缸壳体内径、力矩解耦缸转子内径、驱动缸转子轮毂直径、动静叶片高度、动静叶片宽度和壳体厚度几何尺寸为设计变量的多目标优化模型。在使用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)求解非线性约束条件下的多变量优化问题时,通过设计罚函数,将适应度函数与约束条件分离以处理约束条件,根据设定的准则择优筛选最优尺寸参数。通过有限元软件ANSYS对摆动缸壳体、力矩解耦缸转子和驱动缸转子进行应力应变分析。结果表明,在满足结构强度、刚度和安全因数的前提下,复式摆动缸结构尺寸最优,验证优化后结构的可靠性。     

基于分级多目标决策的干线公交速度引导模型

为解决干线公交速度引导存在多要素关联约束强，全局效果差的问题，本文提出基于分级多目标决策的干线公交速度引导模型。基于公交线路运行特性的全局优化指标优势分析，设计以公交线路综合准点率为主，交叉口停车次数和分段引导速度均衡为辅的线路全局优化目标体系，并考虑多目标间的关联约束和优先控制差异，构建基于拉格朗日乘子法和遗传算法分层组合的干线公交速度引导分级多目标递阶决策模型；最后，通过实际场景测试，验证模型的有效性。测试结果表明：模型能够克服非全局指标优化的局部最优问题，将全线路各班次综合准点率和交叉口停车次数由非全局指标的69.67%和2.37次 ⋅ 班-1 提升到90.53%和1.23次 ⋅ 班-1；并且综合准点率比全局多目标加权方法提升8.65%，能够较好保障综合准点率目标的优先性，有效提升干线公交的通行效率和服务可靠性。     

基于位移剩余的最优货物运输服务分析

基于需求主导原则，突出强调位移需求本身具有的独立价值，本文以位移价值与位移成本之差衡量货运需求主体的位移剩余。以位移剩余最大化为准则揭示货运需求主体选择运输服务方式的机理，并作为最优运输服务的标准。在位移价值测度方面，将货运需求按照时效性分为3类，基于需求主体的预期利益构建相应位移价值函数。在位移成本测度方面，通过对运输价格、运输时间、可靠性、便捷性及安全性等运输服务品质要素的量化，建立位移全过程的成本函数。联立位移价值与位移成本函数，以运输服务品质要素作为核心变量，构建基于位移剩余的最优运输服务分析模型。设置仿真算例，求取不同需求主体的位移剩余曲线，分析相对应的最优运输服务方式。结果显示：模型可基于异质性的位移需求有效分析最优运输服务，并可分析潜在运输需求转化为有效需求的条件，为企业及政府制定运输供给优化策略提供理论基础。     

Parameter optimization and parametric deviation influence for shock resistance of double-stage vibration isolation system with limiters北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］For marine nuclear power plants, the relative displacement of the pump supported by a vibration isolation system should be strictly restricted. In order to improve the shock resistance of a vibration isolation system with displacement limiters, the parameter optimization and parametric deviation influence are studied. ［Methods］The theoretical model of a double-stage vibration isolation system with typical limiter parameters is established, the analysis of the shock response characteristics of the system is carried out using the direct integration method, the optimal limiter parameters are obtained using a genetic algorithm, and the influence of parameter deviation on the shock resistance of the system is studied. ［Results］Limiter parameters significantly affect the shock response characteristics of the vibration isolation system. The optimal limiter parameters improve the shock resistance of the system, but parameter deviation has a great influence on shock resistance. Based on the influence of parameter deviation, a deviation control strategy is proposed in which the elastic parameter should have a positive deviation and the gap parameter a negative deviation. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively alleviate the shock resistance degradation caused by deviation.［Conclusions］The results of this study can be used to guide the design, manufacturing and variation control of limiters for vibration isolation systems. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

基于生产降本提效的船舶焊缝设计优化

为降低生产成本及提高施工效率,结合现有生产工艺的特点,通过研究入级船级社规范对焊缝设计的要求,考虑焊缝设计的经济性及可操作性,建立有效的焊缝设计优化工作机制,在详细设计阶段和生产设计阶段实现焊缝设计优化。优化的焊缝设计可充分利用现有资源,减少额外的生产投入,降低生产综合成本。将降低施焊难度及推广自动焊的设计理念融入焊缝设计中,在提高焊接效率的同时,产品焊缝的焊接质量特别是外观成形质量可得到保证,减少焊缝的补焊及打磨工作,提高产品的整体生产效率。