Gauging interventions for sustainable travel: A comparative study of travel attitudes in Berlin and London

So-called ‘soft’ policy instruments that respond to the psychological aspects of travel are regularly acknowledged as necessary complements to ‘hard’ infrastructure investments to effectively promote sustainable travel in cities. While studies investigating subjective orientations among travellers have proliferated, open questions remain including the role of recent technological advances, the expansion of alternative mobility services, locally specific mobility cultures and residential selection. This paper presents the methods, results and policy implications of a comparative study aiming to understand mobility attitudes and behaviours in the wider metropolitan regions of Berlin and London. We specifically considered information and communication technology (ICT), new types of mobility services such as car sharing, electric cars and residential preferences. In each region, we identified six comparable segments with distinct attitudinal profiles, socio-demographic properties and behavioural patterns. Geocoding of the home address of respondents further revealed varying contextual opportunities and constraints that are likely to influence travel attitudes. We find that there is significant potential for uptake of sustainable travel practices in both metropolitan regions, if policy interventions are designed and targeted in accordance with group-specific needs and preferences and respond to local conditions of mobility culture. We identify such interventions for each segment and region and conclude that comparative assessment of attitudinal, alongside geographical, characteristics of metropolitan travellers can provide better strategic input for realistic scenario-building and ex-ante assessment of sustainable transport policy.     

Measuring the car ownership impact of free-floating car-sharing – A case study in Basel,Switzerland

Free-floating car-sharing schemes operate without fixed car-sharing stations, ahead reservations or return-trip requirements. Providing fast and convenient motorization, they attract both public transport users and (former) car-owners. Thus, their impact on individual travel behavior depends on the user type. Estimating the travel behavior impact of these systems therefore requires quantitative data. Using a two-wave survey approach (shortly after launch of the scheme plus one year later) including travel diaries, this research indicates that (due to their membership) 6% of the free-floating car-sharing customers reduce their private vehicle ownership. Moreover, the results suggest that free-floating car-sharing both complements and competes with station-based car-sharing.     

规划盐泰锡常宜铁路长江桥位线路方案研究

针对盐泰锡常宜铁路越江问题,分析区域沿江城市规划、区域过江通道、水文、地质特征与河势,提出长江桥位线路方案。最后,通过长江特大桥建桥条件及引入泰锡常地区条件等全面系统分析,选出江阴铁路大桥方案为合理方案。     

CBR-V法矿质集料骨架嵌挤评价指标CBRmax求解的试验研究

CBR-V矿料级配设计方法是基于矿料特征和矿料级配特征的一种设计方法,矿料的特征及其级配的组成非常复杂,要考虑其对合成级配的影响困难较大,所以通过试验数据反映矿质集料的特征状况。由于在试验中集料的不同特征得到了综合的体现,所以可以认为试验中考虑了集料的各种特征,是一个能够体现集料全部特征的设计方法。通过32组正交试验,获取的CBR_max相比CBR-V法获取的CBR_max小7.6%,说明通过CBR-V法获取的CBR_max值更接近CBR_max。分析表明通过CBR-V法获取CBR_max是可行的,过程工作量更小,效率更高;其采用的强度传递理念是正确的且具有客观唯一性的特点。     

BIM 技术在市政改建道路管线综合中的应用研究

随着城市的快速发展，过去规划及设计的道路已经不能满足日趋增长的交通需求，在市政道路改建工程中，管线综合相比新建工程更加复杂，与传统二维设计相比，BIM技术在市政管线综合应用中具有更多优势。利用BIM技术的三维可视化信息、信息共享、碰撞检查等功能对管线综合设计方案进行优化，减少了项目的设计变更，保证项目进度并节约了项目成本。     

引汉济渭秦岭隧洞高磨蚀性硬岩TBM滚刀磨损试验研究

引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞TBM掘进施工在试掘进段因遭遇高磨蚀性硬岩地层,滚刀发生严重磨损,致使施工进度严重滞后。为降低刀具磨损,节约施工成本,加快施工进度,必须对刀具磨损进行准确预测。针对高磨蚀性地层,开展滚刀磨损预测研究; 通过课题组前期研究结果,建立滚刀磨损理论预测模型; 通过室内实验,建立滚刀磨损实验预测模型; 通过现场试验,对室内实验模型及课题组前期研究建立的理论预测模型进行验证。结果表明,实验预测结果具有较高的准确性,相对误差在10%以内。     

两种运动平台下晃荡冲击荷载的实验研究

由液体晃荡引起的冲击荷载主要与外部激励(激励频率和激励幅值)和装载率相关。大尺度物理模型实验通过运动平台在室内复现液舱的运动,进而实现在室内对储液舱内晃荡载荷的研究。因此,平台的运动能力、运动的精确性对液体冲击载荷的实验结果非常关键。为了研究不同类型运动平台的运动性能及其对储液舱内冲击载荷的影响,文中以大比尺二维矩形舱为模型,分别在单自由度运动平台和六自由度运动平台开展系统的液体晃荡冲击实验。实验结果表明:仅考虑水平运动,单自由度平台的精度要高于六自由度平台;在个别工况下,两个平台下冲击荷载时程和特征值的对比结果出现了一定差别,但是晃荡冲击荷载的整体趋势基本一致。通过评价单自由度和六自由度两种类型的运动平台在液体晃荡研究领域应用的适用性,为大尺度室内晃荡模型实验中运动平台的选择提供参考     

舰船保障物资优化分配方法研究*

论文针对实际应用中舰船保障物资分配的需求,提出了动态态势物资分配优化方法,建立了动态态势物资分配优化数学模型,即混合0‐1整数规划模型并提供了求解策略。同时利用项目管理方法,提出了保障物资分配项目实施方案的优化流程。     

跨既有线大跨度曲线梁桥平转牵引力和摩阻系数测试分析研究

在大跨度曲线梁桥平转施工中,发现按照常规计算公式计算的理论牵引力和摩阻系数与实测数据存在较大的偏差,为解决这一问题,有必要进行针对性的牵引力和摩阻系数测试分析研究。通过对不同结构支撑形式及转体形式建立相应的数学模型,进行公式推导和计算,并与实测数据进行比较分析,归纳总结出准确可靠且易于今后工程采纳的牵引力计算方法。同时对转体桥球铰安装施工提出合理化建议。     

成都第二绕城高速公路工程可行性研究阶段路线方案选择方法研究

通过对成都第二绕城高速公路工程可行性研究报告编制的背景分析,阐述其路线走廊选择、路线方案拟定,初步分析城市规划、工程地质、重点控制性工程、环境敏感点、城市经济发展等因素对路线方案布设的影响。分析表明:道路工程可行性研究阶段路线方案的选定需要有大局观、全局意识,只有从多方面综合考虑才能确定最优的路线方案。