机动车超速行驶防范对策分析

机动丰超速行驶是引起交通事故的主要原因,是严重的道路交通违法行为之一。机动丰超速是由于驾驶人没有及时纠正驾驶过程中的误判、误动的结果。引起超速的原因包括驾驶人、机动车、交通安全设施和其他因素四个方面,应从教育培训、法律、交通安全设施、交通科技四个方面采取措施预防超速。     

Analysis on the Effects of Overloading on the Mechanical Properties of Tunnel Structures in the Silty Ground --A Case Study of Sutong River-crossing GIL Utility Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Based on the Sutong GIL utility tunnel project, which is constructed by the shield machine under the river, and as for the overloading problem at the river bank slope during operating period, the refined threedimensional finite element model was established to study the deformation and cracking characteristics of the tunnel segment structure under different forms of overloading. The evolution laws of section convergence, joint opening and structural stress were analyzed, and the structure damage mechanisms were revealed under conditions of large area loading and local loading. The surface-surcharge control standard was proposed. For the big diameter shield tunneling crossing the silty clay, the research results show that: (1) the deformation failure process is divided into three stages under large area loading condition, taking the design load and compressive yield of rebars inside haunch as the critical points respectively. The first stage is characterized by the elastic stress, the second stage is in plastic state with fracture, and the third stage is accelerating deformation and instability stage. The vertical convergence is 110.5 mm with no opening of joints when rebars are yielded; (2)the deformation failure process under local loading condition is also divided into elasticity, plasticity and instability stages, taking the design load and tensile yield of rebars outside haunch as the critical points respectively. The vertical convergence is 152.6 mm with joint opening of 4.36 mm; (3) the early-warning values of additional stress on the ground under conditions of large area loading and local loading are 110 kPa and 70 kPa respectively. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

砂岩石粉含量对机制砂混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的影响及机理研究

劈裂抗拉强度是评价混凝土抗裂性能重要的力学指标,试验分析砂岩机制砂石粉含量对混凝土劈裂抗拉强度影响及机理。结果表明:砂岩机制砂中石粉含量对不同强度等级混凝土的工作性、劈裂抗拉强度影响不同,对C35和C45强度等级的机制砂混凝土,当机制砂中石粉含量为7%~13%和5%~8%时,随石粉含量的增加,新拌混凝土和易性得到改善,混凝土抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度不断提高;建立砂岩机制砂混凝土劈裂抗拉强度与抗压强度之间的数学公式:lg f_(sp)=0.309 7lg f_(cu)+0.102 6,机制砂混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度优于普通混凝土,具有更为优异的抗裂性能。机制砂石粉的颗粒效应、化学活性是机制砂混凝土劈裂抗拉性能的主要影响因素。     

城市公共交通发展的动力机制研究

城市公共交通发展动力涵盖政府的主导作用、公交运营企业的主动力、公众的支持力以及营销传播的助动力等"四方力量",四方力量的协同推动城市公共交通系统快速发展。首先对城市公共交通发展的动力机制进行分析,研究快速发展面临的困境以及进行公共交通系统动力协调的必要性;然后提出强化政府主导作用的"4P"发展策略、激发公交运营企业主动力的品牌服务策略、拓展公众支持力的乘客关系管理策略、发挥营销传播助动力的促销策略等公共交通协同发展策略;由此增强公共交通竞争力,提高公交出行方式分担率,推动城市可持续发展。     

气冷燃机涡轮叶片的气热耦合数值研究

为了实现燃机涡轮叶片气冷结构的设计和优化,利用绝热和气热耦合方法开展了气膜冷却效果的数值模拟研究;24核并行求解的方法提高了模型网格数目在107量级时的计算效率;对比分析了绝热和耦合计算方法中气膜冷却的效率和均匀性;利用耦合方法进一步研究了叶片尾缘的冷却方案以及冷气进气压力对冷却效率的影响。研究结果对于涡轮叶片气膜孔、尾缘冷却结构的设计以及冷却气体进气压力的选择具有一定的指导意义。     

电动汽车动力电池热失控过程分析及预警机制设计

文章通过实验数据对热失控发生的过程进行分析,提取出关键的信号特征。设计出一套全面完整的热失控预警系统,并总结出多个报警条件,避免出现故障的误报及漏报的情况。最后介绍了热失控预警后整车及大数据的应对措施。     

整平机升降系统设计与分析

本文依托一种自浮式水下基床整平机,对该整平机上的重要的组成部分——升降系统进行了设计与分析,提出了一种结构简单、运行可靠的升降系统;对组成升降系统的升降机构提出了液压环梁插销式升降机构、齿轮齿条式升降机构和液压缸升降机构,对支撑机构考虑了十字转动支撑机构和万向球轴承支撑机构,对锁紧机构提出了楔块锁紧机构和棘爪锁紧机构,通过对各种方案进行分析论证,最终确定了升降系统由液压缸升降机构、十字转动支撑机构和棘爪锁紧机构组成;最后对棘爪锁紧机构进行了瞬态动力学计算,计算结果得出棘爪锁紧机构所受最大应力为154.52MPa小于其许用应力172.5MPa,验证了棘爪锁紧机构的强度满足要求。     

地铁隧道二次衬砌钢筋网防裂性能研究

为了定量分析防裂钢筋网提高隧道衬砌结构抗裂性能的机理和幅度,以地铁双线隧道二次衬砌结构为研究对象,采用荷载结构法和杆系有限元数值模拟方案,定量分析二次衬砌结构不设置与设置钢筋网这2种情况下的开裂临界荷载。其中素混凝土结构以达到极限拉应变为临界状态,衬砌结构增设钢筋网后以达到GB 50157-2013《地铁设计规范》允许的最大裂缝宽度0.2mm为临界状态。分析结果表明,配置防裂钢筋网后,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能可分别提高22.4%和19.3%,Ⅴ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能提高15.2%;Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩二次衬砌结构的破坏形式由脆性破坏变为延性破坏,从而提高了其安全性能。     

Research on the pipeline walking caused by cyclic increasing soil friction for free deep-sea submarine pipelines laid on even seabed

Pipelines are important to offshore oil and gas development, but suffers from the pipeline walking phenomenon due to cyclic temperature variations—where large axial walking distances threaten the safety of pipeline systems. Current research indicates that pipeline walking is triggered by steel catenary riser (SCR) tension, seabed slopes, or thermal transients. This paper proposes a new driving mechanism for the pipeline walking phenomenon, involving cyclic hardening soil strength. The finite element analysis method was adopted to analyse the soil friction difference induced walking phenomenon, and the influence of key parameters on the gain in soil friction on walking distance was studied. Pipeline walking distances under different drainage conditions in the heating and cooling processes were also calculated, and the impact of the degree of drainage in the heating process was determined. To better understand the new pipeline walking mechanism, theoretical analysis of the walking behaviour under different cyclic soil friction conditions was carried out. Analytical solutions for estimating the pipeline walking distance were also provided, based on the simplified theoretical analysis.     

与液压间隙调节器有关的参数变化对气门机构动力学计算结果的影响

通过模拟计算考察了在有液压间隙调节器的气门机构中,柱塞—柱塞套间隙、机油温度、供油压力以及高压腔机油内混气变化对有直动式HLA的某气门机构的动力学特性的影响。结果表明,柱塞—柱塞套间隙、机油温度和压力变化对模拟计算结果影响很小;凸轮轴低转速时,柱塞—柱塞套间隙、机油温度对计算结果的影响比高转速时略大些;HLA高压腔机油混气对气门机构动力学计算结果有很大影响。