浅析公路工程方案优选与造价控制的关系

文章基于设计方案优选的原则,提出公路工程方案设计中应树立全寿命周期成本的理念,并进行多方案的技术经济比选,合理确定工程设计方案,平衡技术与经济的关系,以通过方案优选达到控制造价的目的。     

The cost of equity: Assessing transit accessibility and social disparity using total travel cost

Social equity is increasingly incorporated as a long-term objective into urban transportation plans. Researchers use accessibility measures to assess equity issues, such as determining the amount of jobs reachable by marginalized groups within a defined travel time threshold and compare these measures across socioeconomic categories. However, allocating public transit resources in an equitable manner is not only related to travel time, but also related to the out-of-pocket cost of transit, which can represent a major barrier to accessibility for many disadvantaged groups. Therefore, this research proposes a set of new accessibility measures that incorporates both travel time and transit fares. It then applies those measures to determine whether people residing in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods in Montreal, Canada experience the same levels of transit accessibility as those living in other neighborhoods. Results are presented in terms of regional accessibility and trends by social indicator decile. Travel time accessibility measures estimate a higher number of jobs that can be reached compared to combined travel time and cost measures. However, the degree and impact of these measures varies across the social deciles. Compared to other groups in the region, residents of socially disadvantaged areas have more equitable accessibility to jobs using transit; this is reflected in smaller decreases in accessibility when fare costs are included. Generating new measures of accessibility combining travel time and transit fares provides more accurate measures that can be easily communicated by transportation planners and engineers to policy makers and the public since it translates accessibility measures to a dollar value.     

市政道路工程造价的有效控制

文章从当前市政道路工程造价文件的编制依据、造价从业人员的素质以及项目建设各阶段呈现的投资控制问题出发,提出实现市政道路工程造价有效控制的措施,为市政道路工程造价管理提供参考。     

工程机械租赁使用的定量分析法

以施工企业租赁机械为研究对象,对设备租赁的过程进行了定量分析,明确了机械租赁中各类费用的计算方法,建立了机械租赁总费用计算的数学模型和求解的递推公式,对施工企业如何最佳地租赁机械具有较大的实用价值.     

线路大修项目预算管理及成本控制

根据铁道部大修管理办法规定,结合实际存在的设计预算费用范围与部控定额不衔接,预算取费项目与施工组织及作业方式不对应,设计费用标准与财务规定不相符,设计预算未充分体现技术标准变化等问题,提出进行单价测算,确定控制目标;制定办法,明确标准,控制大修费用;与部定额比较,分析差异原因等线路大修项目预算管理和成本控制的思路和具体做法,取得了较好的实际效果。     

Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

探析突破施工企业成本核算人才瓶颈的对策

文章从某施工企业项目成本核算人才缺失的现状出发,分析了施工企业成本核算人才缺失的原因及危害,提出了突破施工企业成本核算人才瓶颈的对策。     

西北沙漠戈壁地区混凝土浇筑特殊养护措施费用分析

地处风沙、干旱地区的建设工程,自然环境条件恶劣,混凝土结构物经过浇筑后,需采取特殊养护措施,才能保证工程质量,从而造成费用增加.此文以处于沙漠戈壁地区的LX铁路部分区段为例,就铁路轨道支撑层、道床板和桥梁墩台采用特殊养护措施所需的材料和人工消耗及费用单价进行分析与计算,并与常规养护措施进行比较.说明采取特殊养护措施后相应费用的不足.应研究解决费用增加的方案。     

浅谈施工企业中项目的成本管理

施工企业中项目成本管理至关重要,详细介绍了成本预测及成本管理的内容。     

浅谈工程项目成本管理的重要性

阐述了工程成本的构成,工程施工过程中的成本控制与管理。总结出合理的成本控制与管理是保证企业利益的根本,是企业可持续发展的基石。