车辆荷载作用下应力吸收层阻裂效果分析

文章通过建立平面应变模型,对比分析了车辆荷载作用下有无设置应力吸收层的沥青加铺层结构的裂缝尖端应力和应变场变化情况。结果表明,应力吸收层能有效改善结构裂缝尖端应力和应变场,具有良好的阻裂效果。     

碳纤维加固病害RC梁的力学性能研究

文章运用ANSYS软件,建立“实体一弹簧．壳”的有限元模型,对碳纤维板加固带有初始裂纹的纯弯曲病害钢筋混凝土梁（RC梁）的力学性能进行研究。结果表明：经碳纤维板加固后,病害RC梁的极限承载力、钢筋屈服荷载、开裂后的整体刚度均有明显提高,且碳纤维板越厚,加固效果越显著。此外还能有效抑制裂纹扩展、改善梁底受力状况,减小裂纹尖端应力强度因子,提高构件剩余疲劳寿命。     

箱型桥梁牛腿结构分析及裂缝产生机理研究

文章通过查阅大量文献资料,归纳总结出牛腿常见裂缝的一般特征,并以某城市立交工程为例,采用规范验算方法对其悬臂牛腿进行结构验算,同时采用有限单元法进行牛腿受力分析,结合现场检测中所看到的牛腿裂缝形态,研究牛腿倒角处裂缝产生的机理。     

恶劣环境下对桥梁墩柱养护的浅析

通过工程实例,探讨分析恶劣环境下如何利用抗裂致密剂、土工布及橡塑板对桥梁墩体进行合理养护,可增强桥梁墩体的承载力和耐久性,有效预防墩柱裂缝的产生,从而达到墩体的使用寿命。     

Multi-scale modeling of fatigue crack propagation applied to random sequence of clustered loading

Fatigue crack propagation in marine structures is obviously governed by mechanics of the considerably different four levels of multi-scale problems. Problems of structural response to environmental loads have length scale of several hundred meters, whereas possible detectable size of cracks from initial defects in a weld is of the order of millimeters. Once a fatigue crack initiates, crack tip plasticity is of the order of several grain sizes, while the resulting fatigue crack growth in each load cycle is of the order of nanometers. In our previous work, the first author and their associates have developed the so-called CP-System, which can treat the first two multi-level problems as an integrated system. Furthermore, we have incorporated the third level of mechanics by using the stress intensity range corresponding to the repeated tensile plastic deformation ahead of the crack tip. In the present paper, we shall discuss a more rational integral equation-based formulation in order to integrate the third and fourth levels of micro-mechanics to the first two levels of continuum mechanics.The method is then applied to fatigue crack propagation under the effects of random sequence of clustered loading. As an example of the random sequence of clustered load, we shall use the so-called “storm model”. In the crack propagation simulation, we have to take into account of the plastic wake on the crack surfaces, whose thicknesses are influenced by the material parameters involved in the crack growth model. These parameters are first identified by the fatigue tests under combined constant and random loading using a CT specimen. Then, fatigue crack growth is investigated by numerical simulation and fatigue tests for various random sequences of clustered loading. The experimental and numerical results agree quite well with each other, and fatigue crack propagation is found to be considerably retarded under random sequence loading, so that the conventional equivalent stress approach may provide rather conservative results to the real seaway loading.     

Automated vision inspection of rail surface cracks: A double-layer data-driven framework

A double-layer data-driven framework for the automated vision inspection of the rail surface cracks is proposed in this paper. Based on images of rails, the proposed framework is capable to detect the location of cracks firstly and next automatically obtain the boundary of cracks via a feature-based linear iterative crack aggregation (FLICA). Extended Haar-like features are applied to develop significant features for identifying cracks in images. Built on extended Haar-like features, a cascading classifier ensemble integrating three single cascading classifiers with a major voting scheme is proposed to decide the presence of cracks in the image. Each single cascading classifier is composed of a sequence of stage classifiers trained by the LogitBoost algorithm. A scalable sliding window carrying the cascading classifier ensemble is applied to scan images of rail tracks, which is identified by the Otsu’s method, and detect cracks. After completing the crack registration in the first layer, the FLICA is developed to discover boundaries of cracks. The effectiveness of the proposed data-driven framework for identifying rail surface cracks is validated with the rail images provided by the China Railway Corporation and Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MRT). Six benchmarking methods, the Otsu’s method, mean shift, the visual detection system, the geometrical approach, fully convolutional networks and the U-net, are utilized to prove advantages of the proposed framework. Results of the validation and comparative analyses demonstrate that the proposed framework is most effective in the rail surface crack detection.     

钢轨闪光焊焊接接头轨面横向裂纹成因分析

针对秦沈线17处钢轨闪光焊焊接接头轨面产生的横向裂纹,通过在伤损部位取样,分别进行洛氏硬度、金相组织和显微硬度等试验,结合焊轨生产的实际,分析裂纹形成原因。认为所检闪光焊焊接接头的裂纹起源于钢轨表面的白亮层马氏体组织,并在外力作用下扩展进入正常的珠光体组织区域,裂纹深度达到5mm。研究钢轨精磨方式与焊缝凸起之间的关系,得出:对矫直后具有明显焊缝凸起的焊接接头进行精磨时有可能因打磨中进刀量过大,引起钢轨局部机械热损伤,造成局部金属的急速高温和急速冷却,形成高硬度的脆性白亮层马氏体组织,是导致焊接接头轨面产生裂纹的根本原因。建议进一步研究钢轨焊接生产打磨工艺规范以及客运专线铁路钢轨的预打磨规范,避免钢轨及焊接接头出现马氏体组织。     

840D车轮辐板孔裂纹成因的强度及疲劳分析

采用大型通用商业分析软件Abaqus及Ansys,计算840D车轮在典型工况下的应力分布。计算分析表明:在坡道制动、机械载荷和停车制动3种典型工况作用下车轮辐板孔外侧处于受压状态,内侧处于受拉状态,而且应力幅值较大,是疲劳薄弱点;坡道制动工况与机械载荷工况的组合作用,是车轮辐板孔边产生高应力的主要因素;在相同制动工况下,车轮辐板孔边应力随着轮辋厚度的减小而增大,随着辐板孔向轮辋偏移量增大而增大;机械载荷工况与坡道制动工况的组合作用是导致各种车轮辐板孔疲劳裂纹萌生的主要原因;机械载荷工况与停车制动工况的组合作用对车轮辐板孔边萌生疲劳裂纹的影响相对较小。     

浅谈混凝土施工裂缝防治

在许多的情况下,混凝土裂缝经常出现,就其原因来说,归结于设计原因和施工原因、意外的运营使用原因三种,引起裂缝的原因中约有百分之八十来至施工,本文根据作者在多年的施工中发现的一些裂缝,略作浅析。     

桥梁工程中大体积混凝土裂缝的原因与防治

针对大体积混凝土裂缝产生的原因，阐述了裂缝的预防与处理。