恶劣环境下对桥梁墩柱养护的浅析

通过工程实例,探讨分析恶劣环境下如何利用抗裂致密剂、土工布及橡塑板对桥梁墩体进行合理养护,可增强桥梁墩体的承载力和耐久性,有效预防墩柱裂缝的产生,从而达到墩体的使用寿命。     

Multi-scale modeling of fatigue crack propagation applied to random sequence of clustered loading

Fatigue crack propagation in marine structures is obviously governed by mechanics of the considerably different four levels of multi-scale problems. Problems of structural response to environmental loads have length scale of several hundred meters, whereas possible detectable size of cracks from initial defects in a weld is of the order of millimeters. Once a fatigue crack initiates, crack tip plasticity is of the order of several grain sizes, while the resulting fatigue crack growth in each load cycle is of the order of nanometers. In our previous work, the first author and their associates have developed the so-called CP-System, which can treat the first two multi-level problems as an integrated system. Furthermore, we have incorporated the third level of mechanics by using the stress intensity range corresponding to the repeated tensile plastic deformation ahead of the crack tip. In the present paper, we shall discuss a more rational integral equation-based formulation in order to integrate the third and fourth levels of micro-mechanics to the first two levels of continuum mechanics.The method is then applied to fatigue crack propagation under the effects of random sequence of clustered loading. As an example of the random sequence of clustered load, we shall use the so-called “storm model”. In the crack propagation simulation, we have to take into account of the plastic wake on the crack surfaces, whose thicknesses are influenced by the material parameters involved in the crack growth model. These parameters are first identified by the fatigue tests under combined constant and random loading using a CT specimen. Then, fatigue crack growth is investigated by numerical simulation and fatigue tests for various random sequences of clustered loading. The experimental and numerical results agree quite well with each other, and fatigue crack propagation is found to be considerably retarded under random sequence loading, so that the conventional equivalent stress approach may provide rather conservative results to the real seaway loading.     

碳纤维加固病害RC梁的力学性能研究

文章运用ANSYS软件,建立“实体一弹簧．壳”的有限元模型,对碳纤维板加固带有初始裂纹的纯弯曲病害钢筋混凝土梁（RC梁）的力学性能进行研究。结果表明：经碳纤维板加固后,病害RC梁的极限承载力、钢筋屈服荷载、开裂后的整体刚度均有明显提高,且碳纤维板越厚,加固效果越显著。此外还能有效抑制裂纹扩展、改善梁底受力状况,减小裂纹尖端应力强度因子,提高构件剩余疲劳寿命。     

箱型桥梁牛腿结构分析及裂缝产生机理研究

文章通过查阅大量文献资料,归纳总结出牛腿常见裂缝的一般特征,并以某城市立交工程为例,采用规范验算方法对其悬臂牛腿进行结构验算,同时采用有限单元法进行牛腿受力分析,结合现场检测中所看到的牛腿裂缝形态,研究牛腿倒角处裂缝产生的机理。     

疲劳荷载作用下高强混凝土受弯构件的变形性能

通过对9根配有新Ⅲ级钢的高强混凝土梁的等幅疲劳荷载试验,分析研究了受弯构件的疲劳特性,探讨了其在疲劳荷载作用下裂缝宽度和挠度变化的一般规律和特点。经分析推导,得到了高强混凝土梁在疲劳荷载作用N次后的裂缝宽度计算公式及疲劳刚度计算方法,其计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

高速公路某T型刚构桥腹板裂缝成因分析及改进技术措施

通过对高速公路某T型刚构桥腹板出现裂缝的原因分析,提出了今后在设计类似结构桥梁时应注意的问题及采取的技术措施。     

沪通长江大桥承台大体积混凝土动态设计养护技术研究

沪通铁路沪通长江大桥为公铁两用桥,针对沪通长江大桥北岸正桥主墩承台平面尺寸大、混凝土数量多的工程特点,进行大体积混凝土温控方案设计,计算承台大体积混凝土的内部温度场及仿真应力场,并根据计算结果制定出控制有害温度裂缝的温控标准和相应的温控措施,提出"动态设计养护"法。施工实践表明,设计混凝土最优养护曲线,适时动态调整养护措施,可有效控制承台大体积混凝土裂缝。     

基于WEB的地铁道岔裂纹在线监测系统研究

为保障地铁安全运营,解决道岔在现有条件下监测所遇到的技术难题,提高维护效率和降低维护成本,设计基于Web的道岔裂纹远程在线监测系统,实现对地铁道岔裂纹的实时数据采集分析和远程监测等功能。采用UDP无连接通信技术进行以太网数据传输,分析使用WCF数据交换通信接口技术实现远程监测功能的可行性和优越性。通过功率谱密度图分析声发射信号,可以准确地识别出多路采集的信号中是否存在裂纹信号,从而判断所监测的道岔部件是否产生裂纹。系统已在地铁正线上运行良好,所检测结果与后期人工探伤所得结论一致,监测结果可为维修策略制定提供依据,保障地铁行车安全。     

浅谈混凝土裂缝的成因与控制

作者通过多年的实践经验,详细分析了钢筋混凝土性能影响因素和产生裂缝的原因,并提出了控制混凝土的有效措施,仅供同行参考。     

PVDF压电薄膜结构监测传感器应用研究

压电材料是目前在智能材料系统研究中应用最为广泛的传感材料之一。由于PVDF压电薄膜具有制作成本低、机械性能好、灵敏度高等优点而受到了广泛关注。以PVDF压电薄膜作为结构监测的传感元件,对PVDF的应变传感原理进行了研究,并建立了基于信号采集与处理的PVDF应变监测系统,最后对PVDF监测构件裂纹进行了实验。实现了压电薄膜的应变与裂纹监测,为实际工程应用奠定了基础。