不同因素影响下粉砂质泥岩水分迁移试验

为研究不同因素影响下粉砂质泥岩的水分迁移规律，采用自制的泥岩水分迁移室内模型开展粉砂质泥岩的水分迁移试验，分析其在不同积水厚度、岩石干密度、入渗方向下的累积入渗量、入渗率时程曲线及含水率分布规律。结果表明：粉砂质泥岩累积入渗量-时间曲线先增大后趋于平缓，入渗率则随时间递减并趋于0；积水厚度对粉砂质泥岩累积入渗量的影响主要体现在入渗初期；岩石干密度越大，累积入渗量-时间曲线趋于平缓所需的时间越长；相同入渗时间下，竖向下渗、水平入渗及竖向上渗方向下的累积入渗量依次降低；粉砂质泥岩非饱和入渗时，含水率-时间曲线整体出现先增长后稳定的趋势，可划分为初始稳定期、快速增长期、低速增长期、稳定期4个变化阶段，且4个阶段的持续时间随距入渗面的距离而变化；积水厚度、岩石干密度及入渗方向均对粉砂质泥岩的水分迁移速率或水分迁移量产生影响，进而影响其含水率分布。研究结果可为分析粉砂质泥岩边坡的水分迁移规律及稳定性提供一定的参考依据。     

盐渍土水盐迁移特性与强度特征分析

通过对天然盐渍土室内基本性质试验分析及在开放系统中进行反复冻融循环条件下的试验研究，有利于对天然盐渍土在多次冻融循环时的水分和盐分迁移规律及强度变化特征有个正确的认识。     

Transportation habits: Evidence from time diary data

The interdisciplinary Time Use Observatory workshops learned that transportation research and social sciences strive for the same multi-day time-diary data in order to make interferences about human habitual (travel) behavior. It also is learned that when it comes to the mathematics and analytics involved both disciplines are miles apart, though both with founded reasons to do so. In brief, transportation research relies on modeling to make predictions whereas social sciences apply statistics to their data to draw conclusions. In line with the interdisciplinary philosophy of the Time Use Observatory workshops, this contribution aims to communicate 30 years of experience in analyzing time-diary data. To do so, it demonstrates the latter by calculation transportation habits and aims to illustrate that multi-day time-diary data might have some additional benefits for computing temporal regularities. It shows that including a flexible notion of both regular tempo (or recurrence) of activities (e.g. every day) and regular timing of activities (e.g. always at 6 am) produces different results for different kind of transportation purposes. It also shows that these calculations using multi-day time-diary data result in an indicator at the individual level that can be analyzed in terms of socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics. This work concludes that partitioning temporal regularities in regular reoccurrence and regular timing is a crucial element of (transportation) habits.     

滩海工程环境因子与人工岛工程相互作用初探

综合国内外人工岛现状和相关研究,初步探讨分析了滩海工程环境因子与滩海工程的相互作用,结果提出了与滩海构筑物相互作用的关键环境因素为风浪、强潮流、海冰、海底地质灾害4个因子,并最终以泥沙迁移和海床失稳两种方式与构筑物相互影响。     

地震散射技术在盾构隧道海底孤石探测中的应用———以横琴隧道为例

针对珠海横琴海底盾构隧道孤石探测这一工程勘察难点,选用具有高分辨特点的地震散射新技术,通过小排列密集采集方式,进行2 m×1 m 的网格观测,获得轴向间距1 m、横向2 m、垂向0. 5 m 的三维速度结构和地质界面分布。以波速大于2 400 m/ s 为识别基岩与孤石的指标,得到其高程分布;对三维波速结构进行水平、纵向和横向切片,展现基岩与孤石的分布图像。勘探发现 26 处孤石,其中9 处直径超过3 m。通过证实,物探与钻探的吻合率达到90%,平均深度误差在1 m 以内。实际应用结果表明地震散射技术具有采集灵活、分辨率高的特点,特别适合孤石勘探。     

季节性冻土区铁路路基含水率变化特征研究

季节性冻土区路基冻害一直是困扰铁路工程建设和运营的核心问题.针对兰新铁路西段路基冻害严重的问题,探讨不同工程措施对路基冻融循环过程中含水率变化的影响,以及含水率对路基冻结深度及冻胀变形的影响规律.研究结果表明,季节性冻结对兰新铁路西段路基含水率影响的范围在0.4～0.8m,影响深度有限;"隔一挖一"、"隔三挖一"等工程...     

硫酸盐盐渍土中毛细水上升规律的初探

在对盐渍土地区毛细水上升机理的研究过程中,首先论述了硫酸盐盐渍土中影响水分迁移的不同因素,其次通过室内试验,得出不同配比下硫酸盐盐渍土毛细水上升高度的基本规律,最后通过实验对硫酸盐盐渍土地区公路病害治理方面提出一些措施和建议。     

一种高可用集群的系统管理技术

在并行和分布式计算环境中,随着系统规模的增长,系统出错的概率大大增加。为提高集群系统的可靠性和可用性,采用对称式Active/Active高可用模型的原理和组通信工具,实现了一种增强头节点作业服务可用性的高可用管理方案;针对并行计算环境的特点,利用LAM/Migration检查点迁移技术,实现了集群系统中计算节点的故障自探测、任务自恢复功能。     

嵌入式linux在柴油机在线诊断装置上的应用

针对以pc104为主体的诊断仪,在虚拟机linux下裁剪嵌入式内核,制作根文件系统及安装grub引导程序,分析linux的启动以及CF卡加载过程,在系统监测应用程序中,实现图形界面应用程序的移植。     

Diel changes in vertical overlap between Cyclops strenuus (Copepoda; Cyclopoida) and its prey in oligotrophic Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan

The vertical distribution of Cyclops strenuus and its prey, and the gut contents of C. strenuus were investigated at 3 h intervals over 24 h periods in the pelagic area of oligotrophic Lake Toya in May, August and October 1992. C. strenuus showed slight diel vertical migration (DVM) in May, but did not migrate and was always distributed below 15 m in August and October, the thermally stratified period. This suggests that the DVM is strongly influenced by the development of the thermocline, which the copepod may not be able to cross. Gut content analyses revealed that in Lake Toya it is omnivorous, and that the dominant prey are cladocerans and Filinia longiseta. The number of prey remains in the gut varied with time, and the diel changes did not follow changes in prey density that take the vertical overlap between predator and prey into account. We argue that very low prey density associated with the oligotrophic nature of the lake would mask the relationship between prey density and the number of prey in the gut of the predator.