Comparison of data envelopment analysis and deterministic parametric frontier approaches: an application in the Norwegian road construction sector

This paper analyzes efficiency in the Norwegian road sector by using two competing methods. The first is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), while the second is Deterministic Frontier Analysis (DFA) with a Cobb‐Douglas kernel specification. Both approaches show similarities with respect to efficiency distribution. The rock‐blasting sectors potential for efficiency improvement is in the range 19–59 percent. Both approaches demonstrate decreasing return to scale properties for the average unit. There is a significant correlation between size and efficiency indicating that larger units perform better than smaller ones. Precautionary blasting mainly performed in densely populated areas is also found to explain much of the variations in efficiency scores. Any policy implication should therefore carefully examine exogenous factors. The main difference between the two approaches, which can be explained by the number of parameters to be determined, concerns level of scores rather than their distribution. However, there are arguments that advocate DEA rather than DFA in the rock‐blasting sector.     

再论水泥稳定粒料层施工中骨料离析的成因及解决对策

水泥稳定层混合料离析问题一直是影响工程质量的一个非常重要的因素。文章针对拌和机拌料过程和摊铺机摊铺拌和料出现的骨料离析现象,从集料配合比、拌和机影响因素、拉料卸料方法,以及摊铺机接料、出料操作等方面分析了骨料离析的原因,并提出具体的解决办法。     

The net incidence of transit subsidies: a case study

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the net incidence of government subsidies to a transit system (i.e., the net impact of who pays and who benefits from transit subsidies). Rather than considering the U.S. transit subsidy program in the aggregate, the net incidence of subsidies to a particular transit system — Tidewater Regional Transit (TRT) — is analyzed. The paper concludes that the net incidence of the TRT subsidy program is progressive. Furthermore, the paper provides a methodology that can be used for investigating the net incidence of government subsidies to other transit systems.     

人工冻结法进行地铁隧道修复施工的数值分析

文章依托京沪铁路某段铁路桥隧道修复工程实例,根据热力数值分析基本理论,利用最小势能原理建立有限元方程,分析了隧道人工冻结施工过程中的温度场分布规律,并确定了开挖时的人工冻结壁厚度。最后,对冻结壁和其周围土体进行施工过程的力学模拟。结果表明,采用人工冻结法作为一种辅助的施工方法,完全能满足施工过程中结构的强度要求。     

灰色自适应模型在围岩变形预测中的应用

文章针对当前隧道围岩变形预测常用方法存在的局限性,通过对监测数据的平滑和等时距处理,建立灰色自适应模型,并将该模型应用于厦蓉高速公路隧道拱顶沉降位移预测工程实际,验证了模型的有效性及可行性。     

High-resolution synthetic monitoring by a 4-dimensional variational data assimilation system in the northwestern North Pacific

A data assimilation system is applied to the integrated monitoring of oceanic states in the northwestern North Pacific by combining a high resolution ocean general circulation model with an adjoint method. A comparison of assimilation results with observations shows that the system is better able to represent synoptic features of ocean circulation than do models or data alone. Furthermore, meso-scale features associated with frontal structures and eddies, which are often seen in the Kuroshio and Oyashio extension regions and the Sea of Japan, are better defined in the assimilation results. These features suggest that our 4D-VAR high-resolution data assimilation system is capable of providing time series data which satisfy the model physics and fit the observations, and hence the ocean state derived from our system has greater information content than that obtained from earlier methods.     

一种带多约束的船体分段点集数据分析方法

为了达到船体分段建造的精度要求,船体分段的测量点集与设计点集的数据分析技术是关键。在船舶领域中,传统的点集数据分析方法没有考虑多种船舶约束,因此数据分析出来的结果与实际结果相差较大。针对此情况,提出一种考虑多种船舶约束的数据分析方法。首先采用基于高斯混合模型(GMM)的相干点漂移法(CPD)算法,获得数据分析初值;然后利用权值向量实现对不同方向上精度要求的误差分配,同时把垂直度、平面性和水平度等多种工程约束引入数据分析的多优化目标函数中,通过调整多约束权值,求解出更合理的数据分析结果。实例表明,该方法在满足多种船舶约束的情况下,可获得更合理的数据分析结果,为后续的合拢搭载提供一定依据。     

双向转发检测技术在铁路数据通信网中的应用

铁路数据通信网用户侧设备采用双上行静态路由协议方式接入时,由于接入路由器与用户侧设备间可能存在非直连链路,两侧端口无法准确感知链路变化情况,会导致链路切换无法生效.为此,应用双向转发检测(BFD)技术,可解决非直连链路倒换端口无法感知链路变化问题.     

路面雷达在沥青混凝土路面离析检测中的应用研究

对沥青混凝土路面级配离析的路面雷达检测技术进行了研究,通过试验得到了沥青混合料介电常数与密度、空隙率、沥青含量的相关关系以及密度与构造深度的相关关系;通过对芯样介电常数与级配、密度、空隙率之间关系的分析研究,得出了路面雷达检测判定沥青混合料级配离析的标准。     

一种汽车空调控制器数据处理系统的设计

针对汽车空调控制器稳定性分析的需求,开发了一种空调控制器数据处理系统,使用Python语言对空调出风口温度性能曲线进行趋势提取以及数据分析,并通过Laravel框架搭建Web应用网站,实现对Python脚本的调用。工程师只需要通过网站上传测试数据,即可准确快速地得到可视化的图表结果,提升了空调控制器数据处理的效率。