双自由度舵机执行机构冲击载荷的仿真分析

超高速水下航行体航行过程中工况复杂,在加速段速度跨度大,双自由度舵机执行机构承受了较大的瞬态冲击载荷,有必要对其韧性进行分析校核。本文分别建立旋转机构输出轴、减速箱体和展开机构最后一级齿轮副的多刚体动力学仿真模型,分析各机构在冲击载荷下的应力和变形情况,校核结构韧性的可靠性,同时对旋转机构输出轴进行模态分析。仿真与校核结果为机构优化设计提供参考依据。     

Hybrid analytic-FEM approach for dynamic response analysis of air-cushion vehicle skirts

Focused on the assessment method for dynamic behavior of the skirts of an air cushion vehicle (ACV), this paper proposes a hybrid analytic-FEM approach, within which the self-developed subroutine considers the transient skirt-water contacting force through suggested semi-analytical formula based on the empirical results from CFD simulations of the equivalent flat-plate model. The dynamic explicit algorithm of FEM is adopted to solve the large deformation problem of flexible skirts. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by comparing with previous numerical results as well as published experimental results of steady seal deformation tests at University of Michigan. Afterward, more simulations for demonstration cases are carried out to study the complex dynamic response of the skirts under different skirt-water contacting conditions. The proposed method can obtain more reliable results than traditional analytical method and be more efficient than fluid-structure interaction simulations, thus providing a practical balanced approach aiming at the dynamic response analysis for whole skirts and contributing to the skirts dynamics performance assessment of an ACV.     

Evaluation of added resistance in regular incident waves by computational fluid dynamics motion simulation using an overlapping grid system

A computational fluid dynamics simulation method called WISDAM-X was developed to evaluate the added resistance of ships in waves. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation was solved by the finite-volume method and a MAC-type solution algorithm. An overlapping grid system was employed to implement rigorous wave generation, the interactions of ships with incident waves, and the resultant ship motions. The motion of the ship is simultaneously solved by combining the solution of the motion of the ship with the solution of the flow about the ship. The free surface is captured by treatment by the density-function method. The accuracy of WISDAM-X is examined by a comparison with experimental data from a container carrier hull form, and shows a fairly good agreement with respect to ship motion and added resistance. Simulations were also conducted for a bow-form series of a medium-speed tanker to examine the effectiveness of the WISDAM-X method as a design tool for a hull form with a smaller resistance in waves. It was confirmed that the WISDAM-X method can evaluate the added resistance with sufficient relative accuracy and can be used as a design tool for ships.     

基于系统动力学的港口吞吐量预测模型

将系统动力学方法应用于港口吞吐量预测模型。考虑了各种主要因素对港口吞吐量的影响，较好地解决了港口吞吐量预测方法中考虑系统因素较少的问题以及经济、社会发展水平的不确定性等影响港口吞吐量预测所产生的误差问题。采用宁波市港口各相关统计数据对模型进行了仿真和验证．结果证明该模型有效、可行。     

机械端面密封的动力学特性分析

对机械端面密封的动力学过程进行分解,建立了机械密封的运动模型,分析了机械密封环在外界干扰作用下密封环的振动特性,并利用Matlab编程对运动微分方程进行求解,得出了密封环振动过程中任意时刻的密封端面的液膜厚度分布、液膜压力分布、接触压力分布以及机械密封的泄漏量,并对密封环的稳定性和影响密封环振动的因素进行了分析.     

Biologically induced modification of seawater viscosity in the Eastern English Channel during a Phaeocystis globosa spring bloom

To identify the potential relationship between Pheaocystis globosa bloom conditions and seawater properties, a hydrobiological survey was performed in the inshore waters of the Eastern English Channel over the course of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Chlorophyll concentration, auto- and hetero/mixotrophic composition of protists and standing stock, and seawater viscosity were measured weekly from March to June 2004. The decline of the bloom is characterized by a massive foam formation in the turbulent surf zone. Before foam formation, seawater viscosity significantly increased, showing a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll concentration. In contrast, after foam formation this correlation was negative, seawater viscosity kept increasing despite a sharp decrease in chlorophyll concentrations. No significant correlation has been found between seawater viscosity and the composition of the phytoplankton assemblages observed during the survey. However, significant positive correlations have been found between seawater viscosity and both the size and the abundance of P. globosa colonies. From the correlation patterns observed between chlorophyll concentration and seawater viscosity, we suggest that the rheological properties of seawater are mainly driven by extracellular materials associated with colony formation and maintenance rather than by cell composition and standing stock.     

钢轨动力吸振器对地铁车轨振动的影响分析

基于车轨耦合动力学理论,建立地铁车辆与地铁常用整体道床轨道的耦合动力学模型。对比地铁车辆在加装动力吸振器和未加装钢轨动力吸振器的轨道运行时的车体加速度、轮轨相互作用力、钢轨加速度以及轨道板(道床板)振动加速度等指标,综合分析其对车辆和轨道的影响,对钢轨动力吸振器的应用具有理论指导意义。对比从时域和频域分别进行,结果表明,地铁整体道床轨道在加装钢轨动力吸振器以后,车体垂向加速度受到的影响很微小;轮轨动作用力有减小趋势;钢轨加速度和道床板表面加速度在钢轨pinned-pinned共振频率附近有明显的降低。安装钢轨动力吸振器有利于轨道减振降噪,对轮轨动作用力的降低也有益处。     

基于AMESim平台的轨道车辆空气弹簧系统气动力学仿真模型研究

基于热力学、流体力学和空气动力学理论,建立包括橡胶气囊、附加空气室、节流孔、差压阀和高度调整阀的空气弹簧系统气动力学微分方程组.在此基础上,基于AMESim平台建立轨道车辆的空气弹簧系统气动力学仿真模型,并以某动车组为例进行空气弹簧系统的静、动刚度仿真计算.将仿真计算结果与实测结果对比,验证了该模型能够很好反映实际空气弹簧的静态和动态特性.仿真计算结果表明:该模型解决了常规车辆动力学模型不能模拟空气弹簧刚度变化和高度调整阀在有些工况下会打开的问题,从而提高了车辆动力学仿真的计算精度.     

抗蛇行减振器横向安装位置对机车动力学性能的影响

基于机车车辆动力学理论,运用SIMPACK多体动力学仿真软件,以机车车辆动力学指标为依据,系统分析了抗蛇行减振器的横向安装位置对机车动力学性能的影响。仿真结果表明:增大抗蛇行减振器的横向安装跨距,可以显著提高机车的蛇行临界速度,不会对机车运行于曲线上的脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轴横向力3项指标产生明显影响。     

我国高速铁路道岔尖轨廓形研究

对我国高速铁路道岔区钢轨运营现状进行总结分析,得出2种道岔区典型尖轨廓形。建立轮轨接触和动力学模型,分析尖轨廓形对应力分布特征和动力学性能的影响规律。分析结果表明:尖轨轨肩较低时将导致接触区域集中分布于非工作边侧,形成较高的应力水平,大幅增加产生接触伤损的风险,而采用设计廓形的尖轨应力水平较低,接触区域分布合理。尖轨廓形对道岔区动力学性能的影响较小,道岔区基本轨采用60N廓形可在一定程度上改善道岔区动力学性能。建议高速铁路道岔区尖轨、心轨机加工段廓形仍沿用现有尺寸参数,轨件非加工段采用60N廓形。